Ketamine and opioid are known to improve the intubating condition, respectively. Combination of ketamine and opioid potentiate analgesic effect and give hemodynamic stability in complementary manner. Therefore, the combination use of ketamine and remifentanil could be useful for acceptable intubating condition in the general anesthesia without the use of neuromuscular blocking agent. Generally, induction dose of ketamine ranges between 1 and 2 mg. There was no report about the optimal dose of remifentanil with 1 or 2 mg ketamine induction dose for intubation without neuromuscular blocking agent. The investigators focus on remifentanil dose using Dixon's up and down method.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
51
Anesthesia induction is performed with 1 mg ketamine.
Anesthesia induction is performed with 2 mg ketamine.
After anesthesia induction with ketamine, predetermined remifentanil using Dixon's up and dowm method is administered.
Ajou universitiy school of medicine
Suwon, Gyeong-gi Do, South Korea
acceptability of intubation condition
For assessment of intubation condition, 5 variables will be individually evaluated though 3 point scale (excellent, good, poor). If all variables are graded as excellent, intubation condition will be excellent. If at least 1 variable is poor, it will be reported as poor. Otherwise, it will be reported as good. Good and excellent will be considered to be acceptable intubating condition. Poor will be reported as unacceptable intubating condition. 1. Laryngoscope easiness 2. Vocal cord position 3. Vocal cord movement 4. Movement of limb 5. Coughing
Time frame: during and after intubation, about 2 minute
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