Chemerin and Interleukin-6 Levels of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Obese Individuals Following Periodontal Treatment

Inclusion Criteria: 1. 32-53 years of age 2. had a minimum of 20 natural teeth, excluding third molars 3\) glycosylated hemoglobi levels \<6% 4\) fasting plasma glucose levels \<100 mg/dl. 5-) Criteria for the periodontal healthy group were GI = 0, PPD≤ 3 mm, and no signs of attachment and bone loss by clinical and radiographic examination. 6-) Criteria for the chronic periodontitis group were clinical signs of inflammation (red color and swelling of the gingival margin), GI ≥ 2, PPD and CAL ≥ 5 mm, and bone loss affecting \>30% of the existing teeth on clinical and radiographic examination. 7-) Criteria for obese groups were 30≤ BMI \<40 kg/m2, and concomitant WHR ≥0.85 for females and WHR ≥0.90 for males. 8-) Criteria for normal-weight groups were 20≤ BMI \<25 kg/m2, and WHR below that determined for obesity. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Aggressive periodontitis 2. Periapical pathologies 3. Excessive forces including mechanical forces from orthodontics and occlusion 4. Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus; cancer; human immunodeficiency virus; or disorders that could affect adipokines levels and the periodontal conditions) 5. Chronic high-dose steroid therapy, radiation or immunosuppressive therapy 6. Pregnancy, lactation 7. Smoking within the past five years, or allergy or sensitivity to any drug 8. Had no history of periodontal therapy or drug therapy (e.g., anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, or any other pharmacological treatment) for at least six months