Real-world Comparative Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban Versus VKA

Inclusion Criteria: * NVAF(non-valvular atrial fibrillation) will be defined as the occurrence of 2 or more inpatient or outpatient claims with ICD(International Classification of Disease)-9 427.31 as the diagnosis code at any time in the patient's data history prior to inclusion * Patients will be required to have 180 days of enrollment for the assessment of baseline characteristics * CHA2DS2-Vasc score ≥2 during the 180 days prior to index rivaroxaban use baseline period (CHA2DS2-Vasc: Diabetes mellitus; S2: prior Stroke or TIA or Thromboembolism; V: Vascular disease; A: Age 65-74 years; Sc: Sex category) Exclusion Criteria: * Patients \<18 years of age * Patients with valvular AF (Atrial fibrillation) * Pregnancy * Malignant cancers * Transient cause of AF * Patients with venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) * Patients with major surgery defined as hip or knee replacement * Prescriptions of oral anticoagulants (OACs) (apixaban, warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban) before index date * Prescription of more than one OAC on the index date * Patient with any of the events defined in the composite endpoint * Fatal bleeding * Fatal Stroke/Myocardial infarction * Intracranial hemorrhage * Ischemic stroke * Myocardial infarction