Doppler Ultrasound Assisted Varicocelectomy Improve Sperm Qualities

Inclusion Criteria: 1. 20-39 years old who had infertility for more than 1 year and had clinical palpable varicoceles; 2. impaired semen quality including sperm concentration \<15 million/ml or total motility \<40% or progressively motile \< 32% (a+b), the 5th edited World Health Organization criteria was referred; 3. with normal level of serum hormones including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, Thyroid hormones and prolactin; 4. patient's spouse was healthy in reproduction. Exclusion Criteria: 1. with subclinical varicocele, recurrent varicoceles; 2. normal semen analyses; 3. other reasons of infertility than varicoceles; 4. refusing to enter randomization; 5. female partner older than 35 years; 6. with abnormal level of serum hormones; 7. female factor infertility; 8. with significant surgical diseases, congenital diseases or endocrine diseases.