Oral Switch During Treatment of Left-sided Endocarditis Due to Multi-susceptible Streptococcus

University Hospital, Tours324 enrolled

Overview

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection with a significant burden for patients and hospitals (in France, median length of hospital stay = 43 days), partly due to the long duration of intravenous (IV) antibacterial treatment recommended by international guidelines, between 4 and 6 weeks in most situations. A recent survey of practices regarding the management of IE in France showed that a switch from IV to oral antibiotics is feasible, when patients with left-sided Streptococcus-Enterococcus IE are stable after an initial course of IV antibiotic treatment, with or without valvular surgery. These practices have not been associated with unfavourable outcome, while significantly reducing the duration and cost of hospitalization, the risk of nosocomial infection, and patients' discomfort. There has been no randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the field of IE over the last 20 years; current guidelines are mostly based on expert advice, in vitro studies, animal experiments, or clinical studies performed before the 90's. The RODEO 2 project is an unprecedented opportunity to bring back evidence-based medicine in the field of IE. Most experts acknowledge that the pharmacological PK/PD characteristics of antibiotics such as amoxicillin allow a high level of efficacy in the treatment of IE when orally administrated after an IV period of induction. It's needed to conduct RCTs that clearly demonstrate the clinical non-inferiority of this strategy for streptococci, and enterococci IE with a benefit regarding costs. The RODEO 2 project corresponds to one pragmatic trial assessing the impact of a switch strategy, making it a comparative effectiveness trial that should be able to feed the next revision of IE international guidelines and to change practices in IE management.

The RODEO 2 study is designed to determine the safety and efficacy of partial oral treatment of IE compared with traditional full-length parenteral treatment. Our primary objective is to demonstrate that in patients with left-sided multi-susceptible Streptococcus-Enterococcus IE who have received at least 10 days of IV antibiotic treatment with or without valvular surgery, a switch to an oral combination of amoxicillin between Day 10 and Day 28 after initiation of the IV antibiotic treatment, is not inferior to the continuation of the conventional IV antibiotic treatment regarding to treatment failure within 3 months after the end of antibiotic treatment. Nationwide, noninferiority, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trials. Randomisation will only be offered to patients who have received at least 10 days of IV conventional antibiotic treatment of IE, and fulfil the inclusion criteria. Randomisation will take place between Day 10 and Day 28 after initiation of parenteral antibiotic therapy or valvular surgery, thus ensuring to have at least 14 days of oral therapy in the experimental group. Patients will be eligible whether they have undergone valvular surgery or not. This will imply that surgery procedure prior to randomisation will be heterogeneous, but randomisation will be stratified on the requirement of valvular surgery as part of the treatment of the current episode of IE or not.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Left-sided IE (Defined according to Duke criteria) on native or prosthetic valve * due to one isolate of Streptococcus/Enterococcus sp. susceptible to amoxicillin (MCI ≤ 0.5 mg/l) * in an adult ≥18 year old * appropriate parenteral antibiotics treatment received for at least 10 days * in case of valvular surgery, appropriate parenteral antibiotics treatment received for at least 10 days after valvular surgery * planned duration of antibiotics will extend for at least 14 days at the time of randomisation i.e. a potential switch to oral treatment between Day 10 and Day 28 thus ensuring to have at least 14 days of oral therapy remaining in the experimental group * apyrexia (temperature \< 38°C) at each time point during the last 48 hours (at least two measures/day) at the time of randomisation * blood cultures have been sterile for at least 5 days at the time of randomisation * informed, written consent obtained from patient * subject covered by or having the rights to French social security Exclusion Criteria: * body mass index \<15 kg/m² or \> 40 kg/m² * glomerular filtration rate \< 30 ml/min/1,73m² * patient unable or unwilling to take oral treatment (digestive intolerance, significant malabsorption) at the time of randomisation * expected difficulties regarding compliance with oral antibiotic treatment or follow-up (e.g. severe cognitive impairment, severe psychiatric disease...) * patient without entourage to support and watch him at discharge * valvular surgery planned within the next 6 months * for patients with cardiac devices (pace-maker, implantable cardiac defibrillator) and suspected device-related IE (vegetation on the leads) if removal of the device was not performed * breast feeding or pregnant women, or women on childbearing age without effective contraception * expected duration of follow-up \< 7 months at the time of randomisation (e.g. expected life expectancy \< 7 months, patient living abroad...) * past medical history of IE in the last 3 months * other infection requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy * taking of an estrogen-progesterone treatment interacting with rifampicin * patient with contra-indication to oral antibiotics administered in the experimental arm (i.e. amoxicillin) - including anticipated non-manageable drug interactions, and allergy.

Locations (45)

Service de Pathologies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens

Amiens, France

CHU ANGERS - Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Angers, France

Service des Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, CHU de Besançon

Besançon, France

Service de Réanimation médicale, Hôpital St André, CHU de Bordeaux

Bordeaux, France

Service de médecine interne, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP

Boulogne-Billancourt, France

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Treatment failure

Failure is a composite outcome defined by death from all causes and/or symptomatic embolic events and/or unplanned valvular surgery and/or a microbiological relapse (with the primary pathogen).

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Secondary Outcomes

Death from all-cause

death from all-causes

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

number of symptomatic embolic events

secondary osteo-articular, splenic or brain localization

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

unplanned valvular surgery

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

relapse of positive blood cultures

relapse of positive blood cultures with the primary pathogen

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

microbiological relapse with a different pathogen from the primary pathogen

Relapse of positive blood cultures with a different pathogen within 3 months after the end of antibiotic therapy

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment]

Echocardiography

An apparition, an increase or decrease of the following items: vegetation, abscess, perforation, fistula, dehiscence of a prosthetic valve, will be searched at each ultrasound examination at : the end of antibiotic treatment, at 3 months and 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Catheter related adverse events

Catheter-related AE: infectious (e.g. catheter-related bacteraemia) or non-infectious catheter-related complications (e.g. extravasation)

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

other healthcare-acquired infections

other healthcare-acquired infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, surgical site infection, Clostridium difficile infections

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Number of participants with an antibiotic modification

All change regarding antibiotic treatment administered will be recorded (drug, dose or duration)

Time frame: up to the end of antibiotic treatment

Quality of life

An assessment of patient's quality of life will be done at the end of antibiotic treatment, at 3 months and 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment, using the EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ5D3L)

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

numer of participants with a switch back from oral to IV antibiotic treatment

For experimental group only . An assessment of the need for a return to parenteral antibiotic in the experimental group.

Time frame: up to the end of antibiotic treatment

Compliance with oral antibiotic treatment

For experimental group only. The assessment of compliance with oral antibiotic treatment will be carried out at each visit during the treatment period though a "patient book" which will permit to note take/omissions of treatment; and though the return of the treatments to the pharmacy of the investigational site. Calculation of the duration and cumulative dose of antibiotic treatment actually received will be performed, and compared to the regimen prescribed.

Time frame: up to 4 weeks after randomisation

Cost per patient

Analysis using data from three centers (Tours, Rennes, Nancy) to compare both strategy (oral switch vs. pan-IV) for the cost per patient

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Budget impact analysis (BIA)

With data from three centers (Tours, Nancy, Rennes). With data from three centers (Tours, Nancy, Rennes). Allow to estimate the financial consequences of the adoption and diffusion of a new health intervention (the oral strategy). BIA must be calculated on a yearly basis.

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Utility score and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR)

With data from all centers. An assessment of the health related quality of life of the patient will be carried out using a simple generic questionnaire, the EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ5D3L), recommended by the Washington Panel on Cost Effectiveness (utility) in Health and Medicine, with a cardinal scale and validated French version (http:// www.euroqol.org)Quality of life will be assessed 4 times: at baseline, at the end of antibiotic treatment, at 3 months after end of antibiotic treatment and at the final visit

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Length of hospital stay

With data from all centers. Length of hospital stay will be calculated as duration between day of start of hospitalization and day of discharge (distinguishing rehabilitation care unit). In case a patient dies during hospitalization, death will be considered as a competing event to discharge

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Residual concentration of antibiotics

Pharmacokinetic analysis for the experimental group only: residual concentrations of levofloxacin and rifampicin, or amoxicillin, after 7 days of oral treatment (i.e. at visit 2).

Time frame: 7 days

Biological collection for further analysis on endocarditis

A biological collection will be constituted in order to perform further biological and genetic analysis of endocarditis (i.e. inflammatory markers of efficacy and genetic markers that predispose to endocarditis).

Time frame: up to 6 months after the end of antibiotic treatment

Oral Switch During Treatment of Left-sided Endocarditis Due to Multi-susceptible Streptococcus

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (45)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes