This study plans to learn more about how to measure the way the the body's energy system works in boys with Klinefelter syndrome, including the heart, lungs, muscles, and liver. This is important to know so that investigators understand how hormones and an extra X chromosome relate to diseases such as diabetes, extra weight gain, heart disease and liver diseases.
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in males and is associated with primary gonadal failure in adolescence and a high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular-related diseases (CVD) in adulthood. Recent studies in children and adolescent boys with KS have found a high prevalence of CVD risk markers, however the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. Our central hypothesis is that pubertal boys with KS have relative testosterone deficiency resulting in abnormal energy metabolism that predisposes them to later CVD, and that exogenous testosterone will modify these abnormalities. In this study, investigators will measure markers of cardiometabolic risk in pubertal boys with KS.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
31
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado, United States
VO2 peak
The primary outcome will be peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) during exercise on a bicycle ergometer
Time frame: baseline
Body composition
Percent body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Time frame: baseline
Liver fat
Intrahepatic fat by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging
Time frame: baseline
Muscle mitochondrial metabolism
Rate of mitochondrial phosphorylation by 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf muscles
Time frame: baseline
Insulin sensitivity
oral disposition index with Glucola
Time frame: baseline
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