The primary study aims are to determine the clinical, behavioural and social predictors of SMI development in youth, and to investigate whether neuroimaging can distinguish youth who will develop SMI from those who will not. The study's secondary aims are to examine the proportions of the cohort that make transitions between the different clinical stages of risk, and to determine the proportions that have poor outcomes, defined as ongoing or increased symptoms, secondary substance misuse, poor social or role functioning, i.e., non-participation in education, or employment, and new self-harm. Investigators will study a cohort of 240 youth (aged 14-25, male and female) that includes youth with early mood symptoms or sub-threshold psychotic symptoms (symptomatic group; n=160), youth at risk due to a family history of a SMI (family high risk (FHR); n=40), and healthy controls (HC; n=40). From this cohort, clinical, social and cognitive data, as well as imaging data will be gathered to create a multi-layered "snapshot" of these individuals and provide full-level characterization. Investigators will use the full range of clinical and imaging data generated from this cohort to develop novel prediction algorithms incorporating key variables that predict the development of SMI.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
243
Mathison Centre for Research and Education, University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Diagnosis of serious mental illness (SMI)
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-1) will be used to determine the presence of any Axis I disorder
Time frame: 2 year
Level of risk on a Clinical Staging Model for Mental Health Disorders based on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS)
Level of risk will be defined based on a Clinical Staging Model for Mental Health Disorders (Hickie IB, Scott EM, Hermens DF et al. Applying clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care. Early Interv Psychiatry 2012.) Individuals will be assigned a stage based on their scores on the SOPS.
Time frame: 2 year
Level of risk on a Clinical Staging Model for Mental Health Disorders based on the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS).
Level of risk will be defined based on a Clinical Staging Model for Mental Health Disorders (Hickie IB, Scott EM, Hermens DF et al. Applying clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care. Early Interv Psychiatry 2012.) Individuals will be assigned a stage based on scores on the CDSS.
Time frame: 2 year
Level of risk on a Clinical Staging Model for Mental Health Disorders based on the Young Mania Scale
Level of risk will be defined based on a Clinical Staging Model for Mental Health Disorders (Hickie IB, Scott EM, Hermens DF et al. Applying clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care. Early Interv Psychiatry 2012.) Individuals will be assigned a stage based on their scores on the Young Mania Scale.
Time frame: 2 year
Clinical symptoms on the Young Mania Scale.
Individuals' clinical symptoms will be measured using scores on the Young Mania Scale.
Time frame: 2 year
Clinical symptoms on the SOPS.
Individuals' clinical symptoms will be measured using scores on positive symptoms on the SOPS.
Time frame: 2 year
Clinical symptoms on the CDSS.
Individuals' clinical symptoms of depression will be measured using scores on the CDSS.
Time frame: 2 year
Functioning
Functioning will be assessed using Global Functioning (Social \& Role)
Time frame: 2 year
Structural brain changes
MRI images will be examined for changes in structural data using regional grey matter intensity.
Time frame: 2 year
Structural Brain changes
MRI images will be examined for changes in structural data using white matter integrity
Time frame: 2 year
Functional Brain changes
MRI images will be examined for changes in functional data using resting-state connectivity among brain regions of interest
Time frame: 2 year
Changes in cognition
Cognition is assessed using the MATRICS Cognitive Battery
Time frame: 2 year
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