Patients with schizophrenia have disabling symptoms and cognitive deficits that limit motivation, drive, social- and occupational performance, quality of life and self-efficacy. Schizophrenia also leads to a high risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. Explanatory trials suggest that exercise improves cognitive functioning, symptoms, and quality of life, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, due to this illness, the participation in regular exercise is challenging. In this study it will be tested if patients with schizophrenia can participate in long-term exercise therapy, and whether long-term supervised exercise therapy is more beneficial than today's usual care.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
48
St. Olavs University Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Østmarka
Trondheim, Norway
Change in peak oxygen uptake.
Peak oxygen uptake after the training period subtracted Peak oxygen uptake at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Change in physical activity.
Activity counts measured by Actigraph after the training period subtracted Actigraph measurements at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Changes in walking economy.
Walking economy (oxygen uptake at a standard workload) after the training period subtracted walking economy at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Real world functional behavior
Specific levels of functioning scale (SLOF).
Time frame: Baseline, 1 year, 2 years.
Functional competence
University of California San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessments (UPSA-Brief).
Time frame: Baseline,1 year, 2 years.
Hospital stays and contact with health care providers.
Registrations from patient journals
Time frame: Baseline, 1 year, 2 years.
Balance
Single leg stance. Measured in seconds.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Sit-to-stand test
30-second sit-to-stand test. Number of full stands in 30 seconds.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Walking performance
6-minute walk test. Performance measured in meters.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Stair performance
Stair test. Participants are instructed to ascend and descend 18 steps 3 consecutive times. Performance measured in seconds.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Clinical symptoms.
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).
Time frame: Baseline, 1 year, 2 years.
Global functioning
Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAFs and GAFf)
Time frame: Baseline, 1 year, 2 years.
Quality of life.
SF-36® Health Survey (SF-36)
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Quality-adjusted life year
EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D)
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Morning fasting blood levels.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Tobacco
Tobacco use measured by Fagerströms.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Alcohol and substance abuse
Substance abuse are measured by the Alcohol and Drug Use Disorder Identification test (AUDIT and DUDIT).
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Motivation
Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2).
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Readiness/confidence to change
Rulers (0-10 scale: readiness, importance, confidence).
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Client Satisfaction
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8).
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Changes in maximal strength.
Maximal strength (measures as 1 repetition maximum (1RM)) after the training period subtracted 1RM at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks, 1 year, 2 years.
Patient activation
Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13 GH)
Time frame: Baseline, 1 week, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years
Patient activation
Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13 MH)
Time frame: Baseline, 1 week, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years
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