Reconstruction of Jaw Bone Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Inclusion Criteria:Patients presenting with an indication for an implant and wanting implant-borne prosthetic restoration. * Patients presenting with lateral or vertical bone loss (focusing lateral bone loss) of the mandible behind the canine tooth. * Lateral (width 5 mm or less) bone loss preventing the insertion of an implant without prior bone augmentation. * Endentate for more than 6 months in the region requiring reconstruction. * Endentate concerning at least 2 missing teeth in the region requiring reconstruction. * Absence of clinical signs of infection in the region requiring reconstruction. * Patients presenting with good dental hygiene (subjective criteria) * Patients not presenting with any major oral pathologies. * Dental crest size less than 5 mm. General criteria: * Adult patients over 18 and under 80 years of age. * Patients in good general health presenting with a complete blood count and renal and hepatic function values within normal limits (confirmed by local laboratory tests). * Patients with the capacity to understand medical information and give their informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: ocal criteria: * Patients presenting with clinical or radiological signs of bone infection (acute or chronic osteomyelitis). * Residual dentition close to the area requiring reconstruction with untreated endodontic disorder (apical granuloma or apical cyst). * Untreated oral infection (cellulitis, periodontitis). * Patients with poor hygiene (subjective criteria). * Surgical procedure undertaken in the area requiring reconstruction less than 6 months prior to the bone graft. * History of malignant tumors of the upper airways / digestive tract or of the jaw. * History of or scheduled cervico-facial radiation therapy. General criteria: * The patient suffers from any serious coagulation disorders that could require substitution therapy * The patient is receiving VKA therapy, which should be adjusted if necessary so that the INR does not exceed 2.5 * The patient has history of allergy to iodine or to local anesthetics(sulfites, etc.)., or a history of hematoma, or hemorrhage or blood coagulation disorders * The patient has received localized iliac crest radiotherapy contraindicating withdrawal from the irradiated site * The patient has major skin lesions or diseases. * Patients presenting with bone metabolism disorders: hypophosphatemia, primary parathyroid osteitis or that is secondary to chronic renal insufficiency or osteomalacia, Paget's disease, vitamin D-related disorders, osteoporosis. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women or women not using effective contraception if they are of childbearing age. * Patients presenting with cancerous disorders (carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma) or psychiatric disorders or with uncontrolled systemic diseases (diabetes, hypertension), or chronic renal disease. * Severe bruxism. * History of chemotherapy. * Smoking or alcohol addiction. Occasional consumption of alcohol and/or smoking will be noted in the case report form. * Patients with an ASA score of 0 or 1, incapable of tolerating general anesthesia. * Immunosuppression * Body mass index outside the normal range, particularly \>30 because of increased surgical risk at the time of BM harvesting from the iliac crest. * Risk of remote infection (orthopedic prosthesis implanted in the previous 6 months, patients presenting with a high risk of infective endocarditis, presence of pulmonary arteriovenous shunt, etc.). * HIV, HTLV and/or syphilis seropositivity. * Hepatitis B or C infection. * Active autoimmune disease. * History of immunosuppressant treatment or bone marrow treatment. * Administration of treatment interfering with bone metabolism. * Patients requiring antibiotic prophylaxis before any dental procedure * Patients reticent to undergo dental care or periodontal treatment * Concomitant treatments: history of treatment or current treatment with bisphosphonates, long term corticosteroid treatment.