Patients will undergo a SmartPill test to gain additional understanding of Fabry disease manifestation via motility abnormalities in order to improve symptom targeted therapy. An additional Endoscopic mucosal resection may be performed on further qualifying patients. Tissue analysis from this biopsy will include evaluation of abnormalities of cellular structure and morphology with correlation with gastrointestinal complaints for each patient and comparison against age matched non-Fabry patient tissue. The hypothesis is that patients with fabry disease will have abnormal motility which will correlate with the patients symptoms and quality of life as noted on the questionnaires.
Background: Gastrointestinal manifestations such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and nausea are prominent and, although typically non life-threatening, can frequently cause significant morbidity and burden in a patient with Fabry disease. Additional in depth understanding of gastrointestinal symptoms pathophysiology in Fabry disease is acutely needed in order to develop more specific evaluation of the symptoms and advance the treatment of these patients. Hypothesis: Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms will have delayed motility on the SmartPill study, abnormal histologic findings on mucosal resection and symptoms that correlate with abnormal histologic and SmartPill findings. By gaining additional insight into the characterization of symptoms and the relationship to dysmotility, we anticipate improved and more focused adjunct therapies for the patients. Methods: This study will consist of a screening visit, a SmartPill testing procedure visit, and a follow up visit for all subjects enrolled in the study. Fifteen of these patients, who clinically warranted sigmoidoscopy, will be asked to also complete an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) visit in addition to the other aspects of the study. Thus, each subject will report to the study site for at least 3 visits and up to 4 visits.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
48
The SmartPill Test is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to measure transit time in the GI tract. This procedure uses the SmartPill capsule, a receiver, and computer software.
a Sigmoidoscopy is an exam used to evaluate the lower part of the large intestine) during which an Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (removal of a small amount of tissue from the outermost layer of gut wall) will be completed.
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Gastric Emptying Transit Time Measured Via SmartPill Study
The primary outcome of dysmotility will be the measurement of gastric emptying transit time via a SmartPill study. Delayed GET are defined as longer than 5 hours.
Time frame: Up to 5 hours
Small Bowel Transit Time Measured Via SmartPill Study
The primary outcome of dysmotility will be the measurement of small bowel transit time via a SmartPill study. Delayed SBTT are defined as longer than 6 hours.
Time frame: Up to 6 hours
Colonic Transit Time Measured Via SmartPill Study
The primary outcome of dysmotility will be the measurement of colonic transit time via a SmartPill study. Delayed CTT is defined as longer than 59 hours.
Time frame: Up to 67 hours
Gastrointestinal Symptom Assessment and Quality of Life, Work, and Productivity Via Questionnaires
Participants will complete several questionnaires during study participation regarding gastrointestinal symptoms (lower and upper GI). These results will be used to determine overall gastrointestinal involvement and will be correlated with transit time and histologic findings
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Age of Symptom Start
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Delayed Gastric Emptying Measured Via SmartPill Study
The secondary outcome of dysmotility will be the measurement of delayed gastric emptying measured via a SmartPill study. Delayed GET are defined as longer than 5 hours.
Time frame: Up to 5 hours
Delayed Small Bowel Transit Measured Via SmartPill Study
The secondary outcome of dysmotility will be the measurement of delayed bowel transit time via a SmartPill study. Delayed SBTT are defined as longer than 6 hours.
Time frame: Up to 6 hours
Delayed Colonic Transit Measured Via SmartPill Study
The secondary outcome of dysmotility will be the measurement of delayed colonic transit time via a SmartPill study. Delayed CTT is defined as longer than 59 hours.
Time frame: Up to 67 hours
Symptom Severity Index
Patient reported severity of certain symptoms over the last 4 weeks on a scale of 0 to 10 (bloating, abdominal discomfort, incomplete evacuation, straining and urgency). Higher score would mean worse (more symptoms) outcome.
Time frame: At 67 hours, data reported over the last 4 weeks
Symptom Frequency Assessment (SFA)
Patients reported the number of complete BMs they had during the last week (minimum could be 0 and the maximum could be any number greater than 0). Higher/lower scores could be the better or worse outcome (e.g., 0 bowel movements all week would be a worse outcome but over 10 bowel movements would be worse as well), it just depends on the extent.
Time frame: At 67 hours, data reported over the last 7 days
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
The scale consists of 14 items, each defined by a series of symptoms, and measures both psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and somatic anxiety (physical complaints related to anxiety). Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe), with a total score range of 0-56, where \<7 indicates no or minimal severity, 8-14 is mild anxiety, 15-23 is moderate anxiety and 24 and worse is severe anxiety 5. Moderate-severe anxiety was defined as a score of 15 and above.
Time frame: At 4 weeks
Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)
Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI): is a 21-item tool assessing the existence and severity of symptoms of depression, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; 1994). The items correspond to symptoms of depression and are a four-point scale for each item ranging from 0 to 3. They are summed to give a single BDI score between 0-63 (where higher results reflect more severe depression). Grades are 1-10: normal, 11-16: mild mood disturbance, 17-20: borderline clinical depression, 21-30: moderate depression, 31-40: severe depression, and \>40 extreme depression 6. Moderate-severe depression was defined as a score of 21 and above.
Time frame: At 4 weeks
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI)
Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI): examines the effect of GI symptoms on loss of work time and loss of productivity. Patients indicated if they are unemployed. For employed patients, scores are presented as percentage of time lost during the last week (hours lost due to GI symptoms out of the hours that patient should have worked, excluding the time lost on participating in the study). Higher percentages indicate greater impairment. Work missed percentage, reduced productivity percentage, and work-productivity impairment percentage (combining the 2 scores) are calculated 7. We defined work/productivity impairment as either being unemployed or having lost 40% or more of work time or productivity. For employed patients, scores are presented as percentage of time lost during the last week (hours lost due to GI symptoms out of the hours that patient should have worked, excluding the time lost on participating in the study).
Time frame: At 7 days
IBS Quality of Life (IBS QoL) and Sub-scores
Irritable bowel syndrome quality of life (IBS-QOL): Assesses bowel specific QOL. It consists of 34 items of a 5-point Likert scale. The total score is summed and then transformed to a 0-100 scale, where 0 is low QoL, and 100 is the best QoL. Different IBS-QOL items can also be categorized to eight subscale scores (Dysphoria, Interference with Activity, Body Image, Health Worry, Food Avoidance, Social Reaction, Sexual, Relationships). Note be made, that the IBS-QOL examines the effect of "bowel problems" on different aspect of QOL, and so was used to assess the effect of gut symptoms on the patients' QOL. Higher scores are better outcome.
Time frame: At 4 weeks
Bristol Stool Scale
Bristol Stool Scale: patients indicate their last 7 days stool consistency on 1-7 visual scale. The Bristol stool scale correlates with colonic transit time. Higher scores do not indicate better or worse outcomes. It is a visual scale.
Time frame: At 7 days
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