Value of Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor as a New Marker of Bone Lesions in Multiple Myeloma

Inclusion Criteria: For the multiple myeloma group * confirmed diagnosis of de novo multiple myeloma according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria * bisphosphonate therapy for more than 60 days, * signature of the informed consent form, * patients over the age of 18 years. For the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) group * confirmed diagnosis of MGUS according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria * signature of the informed consent form, * patients over the age of 18 years. For the healthy control group * signature of the informed consent form, * subjects over the age of 18 years. Exclusion Criteria: * patients with thyroid or parathyroid disease, * osteomalacia, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, osteoporosis, * bisphosphonate therapy for less than 60 days, * absence of informed consent, * patients under the age of 18 years.