The aim of the study is to compare the effect of water-based and land-based exercise training, and usual care (no exercise training) in patient with coronary artery disease, on exercise capacity, vascular function, arrhythmogenic potential and cardiac autonomic function, and markers of neurohormonal activity, activated hemostasis and inflammation.
Swimming and other water-based physical activities represent an effective form of aerobic-dynamic exercise. However, existing guidelines mainly advise caution when recommending water-based activities to patients with coronary artery disease. To date, safety and efficacy of short-term water-based exercise in patients with coronary artery diseases have only scarcely been addressed. Cardiovascular rehabilitation is an integral part of management after a myocardial infarction or coronary procedure. Most rehabilitation programs are exercise-based, since the beneficial effects of physical activity undisputed, and corroborated by a large body of evidence. Most rehabilitation programs are exercise-based, since the beneficial effects of physical activity undisputed, and corroborated by a large body of evidence. Research has mainly been focused on the impact assessment of the standard forms of physical training, they studied various forms of physical exercise, mainly land-based. No previous study has reported on the effect of exercise in water as an integral element of standard cardiac rehabilitation in coronary patients on exercise capacity, vascular function, arrhythmogenic potential and cardiac autonomic function, and markers of neurohormonal activity, activated hemostasis and inflammation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
90
Water-based training will be performed in upright position, in waist to xyphoid process deep thermo-neutral water at temperature of 32,8 C. The immersed exercise will include two session of aerobic and calisthenic exercise per day, six days of a week, both lasting 30 minutes
Land-based training will include two aerobic and calisthenic exercise session per day, six days of a week, both lasting 30 minutes
University medical center Ljubljana
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Terme Krka
Novo Mesto, Slovenia
Change of maximal oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary bicycle exercise testing
Time frame: 14 days
Change of flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery measured in %
Time frame: 14 days
Change of arrhythmogenic potential estimated by high resolution ECG
Time frame: 14 days
Change of the C-reactive protein serum concentration value, measured in g/l
Time frame: 14 days
Change of N terminal - proBNP serum concentration value , measured in ng/l
Time frame: 14 days
Change of the D-dimer serum concentration value, measured in microg/l
Time frame: 14 days
Change in fibrinogen serum concentration value, measured in g/l
Time frame: 14 days
Change of from-the-questionnaire-obtained quality of life, measured in points
Time frame: 14 days
Change in heart rate variability, estimated by high resolution ECG
Time frame: 14 days
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