The purpose of this study is to determine whether palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) have different effects on HDL metabolism during the fasted state.
Study design: Double blind, randomized, cross-over study with two different diets: one diet will be high in palmitic acid (C16:0) and the other diet will be high in stearic acid (C18:0). Subjects will receive both diets for 4 weeks with a wash-out period of 4-6 weeks in between. Contrast in the intakes of palmitic acid and stearic acid is 6% of energy. A postprandial test will be carried out at the end of each dietary period. Study population: Accounting for a dropout rate of 20%, 40 healthy men and postmenopausal women, aged between 45 and 70 year, having a BMI (body mass index) between ≥ 18.0 and ≤ 30.0 kg/m2 will be recruited.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
41
Experimental products are enriched with C16:0
Experimental products are enriched with C18:0
Maastricht University Medical Center
Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
Cholesterol efflux capacity after dietary period high in palmitic acid compared to dietary period high in stearic acid
J774 Macrophages will be used to measure ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL particles after a diet enriched with C16:0 or C18:0. Change in ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity between the diets will be assessed using a linear mixed model with subject as random factor and day 0 as co-variant.
Time frame: Cholesterol efflux is measured during fasted state at day 0, day 25 and day 28 of each intervention period.
Change in fasted lipid metabolism markers between dietary period high in palmitic acid and dietary period high in stearic acid
Markers include fasting LDL-C \[mmol/L\], HDL-C \[mmol/L\], total cholesterol \[mmol/L\], non-HDL cholesterol \[mmol/L\] and triacylglycerol \[mmol/L\] concentrations. Change between diets will be assessed using a linear mixed model with subject as random factor and day 0 as co-variant.
Time frame: Markers for lipid metabolism will be measured during fasted state at day 0, day 14, day 25 and day 28 of each intervention period
Change in fasted lipid ratios between dietary period high in palmitic acid and dietary period high in stearic acid
Markers include fasting total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio and LDL-C to HDL-C ratio. Change between diets will be assessed using a linear mixed model with subject as random factor and day 0 as co-variant.
Time frame: Markers for lipid metabolism will be measured during fasted state at day 0, day 14, day 25 and day 28 of each intervention period
Change in fasted apolipoproteins between dietary period high in palmitic acid and dietary period high in stearic acid
Apolipoproteins include fasting ApoA1 \[μg/mL\] and ApoB100 \[μg/mL\]. Change between diets will be assessed using a linear mixed model with subject as random factor and day 0 as co-variant.
Time frame: Apolipoproteins will be measured during fasted state at day 0, day 14, day 25 and day 28 of each intervention period
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Change in postprandial triacylglycerol levels between dietary period high in palmitic acid and dietary period high in stearic acid
Change between diets will be assessed using a linear mixed model with subject as random factor and day 0 as co-variant.
Time frame: Triacylglycerol [mmol/L] is measured during postprandial state at day 28 (0 to 480 minutes after meal intake) of each intervention period