A Study Evaluating Talazoparib in Relapsed Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Women ≥ 18 years of age and willing and able to provide informed consent * Relapsed, histologically confirmed ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer. Histologic subtypes include serous, endometrioid, clear-cell, mixed, undifferentiated histology, and carcinosarcoma. * Sufficient archival tumor tissue available or consent to a fresh tissue biopsy for biomarker analysis. Consent to blood sample collection for biomarker analysis is required. * Disease progression per RECIST 1.1 during or after the last treatment. Have metastatic disease with at least 1 target tumor lesion measurable per RECIST 1.1 on the screening scan. Lesions used for biopsies cannot be designated as a measurable lesion for RECIST 1.1 assessments. * Additional criteria for cohort 1 include the following: * Have a deleterious germline or a somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, or a high diagnostic HRD test score (myChoice score ≥ 42), which represents a loss of DNA repair function based on testing performed at a sponsor-approved laboratory * Received at least 1 and no more than 3 platinum-based chemotherapy regimens (prior bevacizumab is allowed) and the last dose is ≥ 28 days before randomization * No prior PARP inhibitor treatment (COHORT 1 ONLY) * Additional criteria for cohorts 2 and 3 include the following: * Received at least 2 platinum-based chemotherapy regimens (including first-line chemotherapy; prior bevacizumab is allowed) and the last dose is ≥ 28 days before randomization * Received prior PARP inhibitor treatment as a single agent or in combination therapy regimen and the last dose is ≥ 28 days before randomization, as follows: * For cohort 2 only: Received PARP inhibitor treatment for ≥ 6 months and had a response of CR, PR, or stable disease for ≥ 6 months * For cohort 3 only: Received PARP inhibitor treatment for \< 6 months with no response (disease progression or stable disease) * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of ≤ 2. * Estimated life expectancy of ≥ 3 months. * Able to swallow drugs, have no known intolerance to study drugs or excipients, and able to comply with study requirements. Exclusion Criteria: * Have not recovered (recovery is defined as National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] grade ≤ 1) from the acute toxicities of previous therapy, except treatment-related alopecia or laboratory abnormalities otherwise meeting eligibility requirements. * Use of any investigational agent within 14 days before randomization. * Had \> 2 paracentesis procedures within 28 days before randomization. * Major surgery within 14 days before randomization. * Requirement for intravenous alimentation (at the time of randomization). * Diagnosis of MDS.