The Hepatitis B e-Antigen Negative Disease - Directly Offered Study of Treatment Withdrawal in Patients With e-Antigen Negative Chronic HBV Infection (BeNEG-DO).

Inclusion Criteria: 1. HBeAg-CHB with at least 192 weeks (3.7 years) of complete viral suppression (serum HBV DNA \<50 IU/ml) on NA therapy 2. No bridging fibrosis (≥ Metavir stage 3) 3. Normal liver tests and platelet count 4. Age 18-67 5. Otherwise healthy with no serious co-morbidities 6. Patients who are willing, prepared, and able to immediately resume antiviral treatment upon medical instruction and on satisfying study re-treatment criteria. Exclusion Criteria: 1. HBeAg-CHB with virologic breakthrough while on NA therapy during the prior 192 weeks (3.7 years) 2. Age \<18 or \>67 years 3. Significant co-morbidities including co-infection and significant co-existing liver disease or anemia. Mild Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) without Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) or associated liver enzyme elevation will be allowed. 4. Bridging hepatic fibrosis (≥ Metavir stage 3) at the time of potential study entry a. Control Group: Determination will be based on historical biopsy data, imaging studies, Platelet count (\<150,000), Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) \<1.5) and Red Cell Distribution Width-to-Platelet Ratio (RPR) (\<0.16) scores, and clinical assessment 5. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) above the quoted normal range 6. Clinical, serologic, radiological or biochemical suspicion for cirrhosis 7. Prior liver transplantation 8. A documented history of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B, including renal disease and/or vasculitis 9. Cases: A family history of hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis B virus in a first degree family member 10. On Prednisone or other immunosuppressive or immune-modulating therapy during the 6 months before study entry 11. Pregnancy 12. Patients who are not willing, prepared, and able to immediately resume antiviral treatment upon medical instruction and on satisfying re-treatment criteria No one will be excluded on the basis of race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or any cultural factor. An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, translated consent will be used for patients that do not speak English