This study aims to assess the effects of hazelnuts, cocoa, and the combination of both on vascular reactivity and metabolic profile. Participants, divided in six groups, will receive one of these breakfast integrations for 14 days: group 1) 30 g peeled hazelnuts; group 2) 30 g unpeeled hazelnuts; group 3) snack with 30 g peeled hazelnuts; group 4) snack with 2.5 g cocoa powder; group 5) snack with 30 g peeled hazelnuts and 2.5 g cocoa; group 6) empty snack, control group.
In the last few years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in all age groups. The European Food Safety Authority stated "cocoa flavanols help maintain endothelium-dependent vasodilation, which contributes to normal blood flow". Several studies reported that a daily consumption of hazelnuts reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis of this study is to demonstrate a beneficial effect of hazelnut and cocoa diet integrations on vascular reactivity and endocrine-metabolic parameters.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
61
This dietary supplement contains 30 g of hazelnut.
This dietary supplement contains 2.5 g of cocoa powder.
This dietary supplement does not contain hazelnut nor cocoa powder.
San Donato Hospital
San Donato Milanese, Italy
Effects of a breakfast integration on vascular reactivity, assessed by the variation of peak systolic velocity of the brachial artery, in healthy subjects.
Vascular reactivity is measured by assessing the peak systolic velocity (PSV in cm/s) of the brachial artery at rest and after 3 minutes of arterial occlusion using an echographer in Doppler mode. To occlude arterial inflow, a sphygmomanometric cuff is placed above the antecubital fossa and inflated to at least 50 mmHg above systolic pressure for 3 minutes.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on total cholesterol (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on triglycerides (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on glucose (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on insulin (uU/mL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on glucagon (pg/mL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on leptin (ng/mL) in healthy subjects.
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This dietary supplement is just a cream obtained by grinding hazelnuts.
This dietary supplement is a commercial snack containing either hazelnut or cocoa or both.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on ghrelin (ng/mL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on uric acid (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on homocysteine (umol/L) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on ESR (mm/h) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Effects of a breakfast integration on hs-CRP (mg/dL) in healthy subjects.
Time frame: 2 weeks