The study aims to compare the performance and the 3D shoulder kinematics of volleyball attackers with and without scapular dyskinesis and shoulder symptoms in two physical performance measures of the upper extremity, and correlate their outcomes with a self-reported measure of function of the upper extremity.
Volleyball attackers with clinically identified scapular dyskinesis and with/without shoulder symptoms will be compared with respect to performance outcomes and scapular kinematics. Performance will be assessed by means of the unilateral seated shot put test (USSPT), the upper quarter Y balance test (UQYBT), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, sports module (DASH). Pain measurements after completing physical performance measures will be assessed and rated. Relationships between physical (USSPT, UQYBT) and self-perceived (DASH) measures of performance, and with impairment-based measures (clinical measures and 3D shoulder kinematics) will be assessed.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
60
Athletes will perform the unilateral seated shot put test (USSPT) and the upper quarter Y balance test (UQYBT) bilaterally.
Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa
Oeiras, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria
Leiria, Portugal
Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto
Porto, Portugal
Side-to-side differences in the unilateral seated shot put test (normalized distance thrown, in centimeters)
The unilateral seated shot put test consists of pushing (not throwing) at shoulder height a \~3kg medicine ball as far and forward as possible while keeping the axial skeleton in contact with a wall, knees bent at a right angle, feet flat on the floor, and the non-testing arm resting on the lap.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in the upper quarter Y balance test (normalized maximal distance reached in each direction, in centimeters)
The upper quarter Y balance test is performed through the assistance of a testing device (Y-Balance Test Kit), with the subject stabilizing his/her body weight with the upper extremity being tested while performing maximal reaching efforts with the free hand in three directions: medial, superolateral, and inferolateral.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (sports module)
A self-reported measure of upper extremity functioning
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in 3-dimensional scapular angular displacement (in degrees)
The angular displacement of the scapula in the 3 planes of orientation: lateral/medial (upward/downward) rotation, protraction/retraction (internal/external rotation), anterior/posterior tilting.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in 3-dimensional humerus angular displacement (in degrees)
The angular displacement of the humerus in the 3 planes of orientation: plane of elevation, elevation/depression, axial rotation.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
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Side-to-side differences in 3-dimensional thoracic angular displacement (in degrees)
The angular displacement of the thorax in the 3 planes of orientation: flexion/extension, lateral rotation (inclination), axial rotation.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Visual Numeric Rating Scale score (0-10)
A 11-point scale to rate pain intensity
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in the upper quarter Y balance test (total excursion, in centimeters)
total excursion = sum of the 3 normalized reach distances, in centimeters
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in the upper quarter Y balance test (overall performance score, in centimeters)
overall performance or composite score = average score of the 3 normalized reach distances, in centimeters.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year]