The purpose of this study was to show the immediate effects of myofascial induction on perceived pain and anxiety, cervical/shoulder range of motion and mood state in breast cancer survivors suffering shoulder/arm morbidity.
Background: To investigate the immediate effects of myofascial induction on perceived pain and anxiety, cervical/shoulder range of motion and mood state in breast cancer survivors suffering shoulder/arm morbidity. Methods: Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Twenty-one enrolled participants who had a diagnosis of breast cancer stage I-IIIA and had completed adjuvant therapy except hormonal treatment. The study consisted of two intervention sessions of 30 minutes separated by a wash-up period of 4 weeks. The interventions consisted of a Myofascial Induction (experimental group) or placebo pulsed shortwave therapy (control group). The main outcome measures were: Visual Analogue Scale for pain and anxiety, shoulder-cervical goniometry for range of motion, Profile of Mood States for psychological distress and Attitudes Toward Massage Scale.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
21
Patients received a Myofascial Induction focused on the upper limb area for 30 minutes using the Pilat approach.
Patients received a placebo session consisted of 30 minutes of unplugged pulsed shortwave therapy.
Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada
Granada, Spain
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Change scores
A numerical rating scale that contains scores in the range of 0 to 10 (0 = 'no pain/anxiety'; 10 = 'worst imaginable pain/anxiety level'). Participants must mark the level of pain that they feel at that moment in the cervical-arm area and use the scale to indicate their anxiety level.
Time frame: A wash-up period of 4 weeks between the 2 sessions was established
Goniometry shoulder. Change scores
A plastic universal goniometer with two adjustable overlapping arms to measure the active range of motion of the shoulder joint.
Time frame: A wash-up period of 4 weeks between the 2 sessions was established
Goniometry cervical. Change scores
A cervical goniometric device manufactured by Performance Attainment Associates (St Paul, MN, USA) to measure the active range of motion of the cervical joints.
Time frame: A wash-up period of 4 weeks between the 2 sessions was established
Profile of Mood States (POMS). Change scores
This questionnaire is a measure of psychological distress. This questionnaire contains 65 items assessing mood state, which are grouped into six subscales: tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigour-activity, fatigue-inertia and confusion-bewilderment.
Time frame: A wash-up period of 4 weeks between the 2 sessions was established
Attitudes toward massage (ATOM) scale
The Attitudes toward massage (ATOM) scale is a nine-item measure of overall attitude toward massage composed of the 'Massage as Healthful' and the 'Massage as Pleasant' subscales.
Time frame: Covariates
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