The purpose of this project is to test the efficacy of Planet T1D, a mobile and web-based technology infrastructure specifically designed to (a) enhance youths' type 1 diabetes disease- and treatment-related knowledge through interactive and game-based educational materials; (b) support adherence to the treatment regimen through customized task prompts via mobile and web-based delivery; and (c) promote patient-provider communication through real-world data collection and feedback loops. Investigators will examine the effectiveness of the Planet T1D mobile app and website in improving treatment adherence, disease-related knowledge, transition readiness, condition management, and the psychological correlates of these variables in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Advances in medical treatment options over the past several decades have translated into substantially higher survival rates for those who suffer with chronic illness. Consequently, the prevalence of chronic illness has risen significantly in recent years, such that one out of every four youth in the United States currently lives with a chronic illness. The health and well-being of these youth is directly impacted by the degree to which they adhere to their treatment regimen. However, treatment regimens for chronic illness can be highly complex, making adherence problematic, particularly when combined with deficits in memory and executive functioning concomitant with many chronic illnesses. Adherence also tends to deteriorate over time; the youth's motivation or commitment to treatment may decline as symptoms improve or negative side effects occur. With low adherence comes worsening symptoms and significantly greater risk for serious medical complications and mortality in young adulthood. The costs associated with low adherence, such as the need for additional care, are also substantial both for the patient and society. While a number of factors have been found to impact treatment adherence, risk for non-adherence-across varied forms of chronic illness-is markedly elevated when the youth lacks disease- and treatment-related knowledge and when parents provide little supervision for carrying out regimen tasks. With nearly 90% of youth with chronic illness expected to survive and therefore transition from pediatric care into adult-focused healthcare systems, it is critically important to empower youth to take ownership of their own healthcare. To do so, we need to provide accessible, affordable tools that can effectively increase patients' skills and knowledge for managing their illness and support on-going adherence to their treatment regimen. The purpose of this project is to test the efficacy of Planet T1D, a mobile and web-based technology infrastructure specifically designed to (a) enhance youths' type 1 diabetes disease- and treatment-related knowledge through interactive and game-based educational materials; (b) support adherence to the treatment regimen through customized task prompts via mobile and web-based delivery; and (c) promote patient-provider communication through real-world data collection and feedback loops. Investigators will examine the effectiveness of the Planet T1D mobile app and website in improving treatment adherence, disease-related knowledge, transition readiness, condition management, and the psychological correlates of these variables in youth with type 1 diabetes. All participants will complete study measures at pre- and post-assessment time points. In total, participants will take part in this study for approximately 2 months from pre- to post-assessment. Families will be recruited to participate in either the treatment condition or the control group. Families in the treatment condition will receive the Planet T1D app and access to the associated website for the full duration of the study (2 months) between pre-test and post-test. Families in the control group will not receive access to the app and website, but instead will be asked to complete a series of online questionnaires at each of the two data collection time points (pre-test, post-test). Investigators hypothesize that greater use (i.e., dosage) and prolonged use of Planet T1D and access to the associated website will: increase disease-related knowledge, treatment adherence, self-efficacy for management of type 1 diabetes, current type 1 diabetes self-management behaviors, readiness to transition to independent self-care, and perceived benefits of type 1 diabetes treatment, while also decreasing perceived barriers to type 1 diabetes treatment. Moreover, investigators believe that improvement of these outcomes through use of Planet T1D will result in more positive mental health outcomes for patients, including higher reported quality of life. Investigators expect that those in the treatment condition will have better outcomes than those in the control group on all of these measures at both midpoint and post-assessment time points. Finally, investigators expect all participants to report high usability, quality, and value of the Planet T1D mobile app and website and to positively rate their experience with Planet T1D.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
200
Planet T1D is a mobile and web-based technology infrastructure specifically designed to (a) enhance youths' type 1 diabetes disease- and treatment-related knowledge through interactive and game-based educational materials; (b) support adherence to the treatment regimen through customized task prompts via mobile and web-based delivery; and (c) promote patient-provider communication through real-world data collection and feedback loops.
3-C Institute for Social Development
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Knowledge of Type 1 Diabetes Disease
Both parent and adolescent participants will complete a consultant-created 25 item questionnaire to assess their knowledge of type 1 diabetes.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
Diabetes Management Questionnaire (DMQ)
Both adolescent and parent participants will complete a modified version of the Diabetes Management Questionnaire (DMQ; Mehta, Nansel, Volkening, Butler, Haynie and Laffel, 2015). This 20-item measure assesses treatment adherence behaviors to help regulate blood sugar.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
Perceived Treatment Benefits
Both adolescents and their parents will report on their perceptions of the benefits and barriers of adherence to the condition treatment regimen. This measure was adapted from the Beliefs about Dietary Compliance scale (BDCS; Bennett et al, 2001) and contains 9 items on both the parent and youth versions.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
STARx Transition Readiness Questionnaire
Adolescents will complete the STARx Transition Readiness Questionnaire. This 18-item measure assesses the extent to which youth are ready to transition to independent care and manage their health-related needs independently. Items assess adolescents' independence in scheduling doctor's appointments, remembering to take medication, finding answers to health-related questions, knowledge of their condition, and how easy/difficult these tasks are for the youth.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
Diabetes Self-Efficacy scale
Adolescents will complete the 8-item Diabetes Self-Efficacy scale (Lorig K, Ritter PL, Villa FJ, 2009). This measure assesses patients' self-confidence in managing their condition, including self-confidence in (a) managing the disease autonomously, (b) knowing how to handle diabetes-related problems, and (c) practicing dietary behaviors necessary for blood sugar control.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure changetest
Self-Management: Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale
The measure is composed of the 6-item Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale (Ritter \& Lorig, 2015), assessing confidence in self-management ability.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
Self-Management: Partners in Health Scale
Partners in Health scale (Cordova et al. 2013), a 11 item measure assessing ability to observe and manage symptoms.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
Quality of Life
Adolescents will complete a subset of 19 items from the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF; Hays et al., 1997). Items were modified to be more general and applicable to any medical condition. These items comprise subscales that assess patients' symptoms, burden of condition in interfering with life, cognitive functioning, social support, and difficulty sleeping.
Time frame: Collected at two time points: pre-test and 2 months later at study completion to measure change
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