China Senile Valvular Heart Disease Cohort Study

Inclusion Criteria: Hospitalized patients over 60 years old meet one of the following conditions. * moderate or above valvular heart disease as defined by echocardiography: * aortic stenosis, moderate or above, or valve area ≤1.5cm2, or maximal jet velocity ≥3.0m/sec, or mean pressure gradient ≥20mmHg, * aortic regurgitation, moderate or above, or jet width ≥25% of left ventricular outflow tract, or regurgitant volume ≥30ml/beat, or regurgitant fraction ≥30%, * mitral stenosis, moderate or above, or valve area ≤2.0cm2, * mitral regurgitation, moderate or above, or effective regurgitant orifice ≥0.2cm2, or regurgitant volume ≥30ml/beat, or regurgitant fraction ≥30%, * tricuspid stenosis, moderate or above, or valve area ≤1.0cm2, * tricuspid regurgitation, moderate or above, or central jet area ≥5.0cm2, * pulmonic stenosis, moderate or above, or maximal jet velocity \>4m/sec, * pulmonic regurgitation, moderate or above, * or patients who had undergone any operation on a cardiac valve (percutaneous balloon commissurotomy, valve repair, valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve implantation), * or diagnosis of endocarditis as assessed by Duke criteria. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients cannot be followed up for any reasons. * Patients in critical condition may be die in the near future. * Patients have been enrolled in this study.