Cafedrin/Theodrenalin (Akrinor®) Versus Ephedrine for Treatment of Hypotension in the Peri-operative Phase in Inpatient Setting

Inclusion Criteria: * Inpatients, who received IV treatment (bolus administration) with cafedrine/theodrenaline or ephedrine (Ephedrin Meduna) due to an acute arterial hypotension * Consent to use of data is available * Patient under careful blood pressure and pulse monitoring (at least 2 minutes measuring interval (BP/HR) and/or at least 7 measurements within the first 15 minutes after the first application of cafedrine/theodrenaline or ephedrine) Cohort A: * Treatment of hypotension in \< 100 mm Hg syst. and/or drop in blood pressure \> 20% syst. compared to preoperative base value (syst.) * Patients ≥ 50 years old * Pre-existing comorbidities (ASA classification 2-4) * Elective surgery * General anaesthesia with propofol/fentanyl ≥ 0.2 mg (or equivalent) Cohort B: * Treatment of hypotension in \< 100 mm Hg syst. and/or drop in blood pressure \> 10% syst. compared to preoperative base value (syst.) * Patients ≥ 18 years old * Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia Exclusion Criteria: * Contraindication to the use of cafedrine/theodrenaline or ephedrine (Ephedrin Meduna) in accordance with current German specialist information * Hypersensitivity to any product ingredient * Hypertensive blood pressure readings * Mitral stenosis * Narrow-angle glaucoma * Hyperthyroidism * Pheochromocytoma * Prostatic adenoma with urinary retention * Bronchial asthmatics with sulphite sensitivity * Hyper-excitability * Arteriosclerosis * Aneurysm * Treatment with other indirect sympathomimetic drugs (Example: phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine or methylphenidate) * Use of Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (including within the last two weeks) * Prophylactic administration of cafedrine/theodrenaline or ephedrine or other anti-hypertensives * Sepsis, septic shock or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) Cohort A: • Intra-cranial surgery or heart surgery Cohort B: * High-risk pregnancy (emergency Caesarean, severe infantile malformation) * Multiple pregnancy * Amniotic infection syndrome