Is the Measured Diameter of the Optic Nerve Sheath by Cerebral Scan in Patients With Early-phase Meningeal Hemorrhage, Due to a Ruptured Aneurysm, a Prognostic 6-month Mortality Factor ?

Overview

Sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a public health concern because of its high incidence (7/100 000 inhab.), its mortality rate (25%), and its morbidity rate (50%).

Sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a public health concern because of its high incidence (7/100 000 inhab.), its mortality rate (25%), and its morbidity rate (50%). Prognostic tools are indispensable in guiding and optimizing the care of these patients. Some diagnostic factors have been identified (e.g. age, comorbidities, ACSOS , GCS, ICP, occurrence of complications) as well as some classification schemes used for grading seriousness of the disease (Hunt and Hess, World Federation of NeuroSurgery). A tool that is simple, reliable, reproducible, non costly, non invasive, and simple to perform (including remote methods and without changing planned patient care) would be ideal. The measurement of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD,) correlated by MRI and ultrasound in previous studies, with intra-cranial pressure (ICP: a fundamental prognostic factor for SAH) could be one of these tools. This measurement, previously demonstrated using ultrasound, could be carried out at the time of the patient's initial cerebral scan. In practice, at admission each patient undergoes a cerebral CT scan much more often than an ultrasound (faster, less costly, less technical training required). Two preliminary studies seem to suggest that this measurement of ONSD on CTc is a predictive factor for morbi-morbidity in patients having serious traumatic skull fractures.The measurement is reliable, reproducible, non invasive, and non costly, with good sensitivity and specificity. Proving that it is also applicable to SAH could be particularly useful.

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