A Double-blinded Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec Both in Combination With Metformin in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Basal or Pre-mix/Combination Insulin Therapy and Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs

Change in Body Weight

Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment.

Time frame: week 0, week 26

Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change from baseline (week 0) in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment.

Time frame: week 0, week 26

Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Severe or BG confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with or without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia according to the ADA definition: an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose concentrations may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration.

Time frame: During 26 weeks of treatment

Daily Insulin Dose

Actual daily total insulin dose after 26 weeks.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than 7.0%

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than 7.0% after 26 weeks.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than 7.0% and Without Weight Gain

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than 7.0% and without weight gain after 26 weeks.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than 7.0% Without Treatment Emergent Severe or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than 7.0% after 26 weeks, who did not experience treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than 7.0% and Without Weight Gain and Without Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than 7.0% and no weight gain after 26 weeks, who did not experience treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5%

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5% after 26 weeks.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% and Without Weight Gain

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5% and without weight gain

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% Without Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5% after 26 weeks, who did not experience treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Responder (Yes/no): HbA1c Less Than or Equal to 6.5% and Without Weight Gain and Without Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes During the Last 12 Weeks of Treatment

Number of subjects with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5% and no weight gain after 26 weeks, who did not experience treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes during the last 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the ADA classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Change in Waist Circumference

Change from baseline (week 0) in waist circumference after 26 weeks of treatment.

Time frame: week 0, week 26

Change in Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic)

Change from baseline in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) after 26 weeks of treatment.

Time frame: week 0, week 26

Self-measured Blood Glucose (SMBG) 9-point Profile (Individual Points in the Profile)

Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4:00 a.m. and before breakfast the following day.

Time frame: After 26 weeks

Change in SMBG 9-point Profile: Mean of the 9-point Profile

Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4:00 a.m. and before breakfast the following day. Mean of the 9-point profile was defined as the area under the profile (calculated using the trapezoidal method) divided by the measurement time.

Time frame: Week 0, week 26

Change in SMBG 9-point Profile: Mean of Postprandial Plasma Glucose Increments (From Before Meal to 90 Minutes After Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner)

Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4:00 a.m. and before breakfast the following day. The mean increment over all meals was derived as the mean of all available meal increments.

Time frame: Week 0, week 26

Fasting Lipid Profile

Lipid profile includes total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL cholesterol), triglycerides and free fatty acids. Lipid profile parameters are represented as ratio to baseline values.

Time frame: Week 0, week 26

Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)

Treatment emergent adverse event is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. If the event had onset date before the first day of exposure on randomised treatment and increased in severity during the treatment period and until 7 days after the last drug date, then this event was considered as a TEAE.

Time frame: During 26 weeks of treatment

Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia according to the ADA definition: an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose concentrations may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration.

Time frame: During 26 weeks of treatment

Number of Treatment Emergent Hypoglycaemic Episodes According to American Diabetes Association (ADA) Definition

Results represent total number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes that fall under ADA's definition of hypoglycaemia. ADA's definition of hypoglycaemia includes following categories: 1. Severe hypoglycaemia 2. Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia 3. Asymptomatic hypoglycaemia 4. Probable symptomatic hypoglycaemia 5. Pseudo-hypoglycaemia. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product.

Time frame: During 26 weeks of treatment

Number of Treatment Emergent Nocturnal Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Nocturnal period: The period between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (both inclusive). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification or BG confirmed by a plasma glucose value \< 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia according to the ADA definition: an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. Plasma glucose concentrations may not be available during an event, but neurological recovery following the return of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration.

Time frame: During 26 weeks of treatment

Change in Clinical Evaluation: Fundoscopy or Fundus Photography

The result of the fundus photography/dilated fundoscopy was interpreted by the investigator into following categories: Normal; Abnormal (Abn), Not Clinically significant (NCS); Abnormal, Clinically significant (CS). Reported results are number of subjects with 'normal'; 'Abn, NCS' and 'Abn, CS' fundoscopy/fundus photography results at screening (week -2 to week 0) and week 26.

Time frame: Screening (week -2 to week 0), week 26

Change in Clinical Evaluation: Electrocardiogram (ECG)

The result of the ECG was interpreted by the investigator into following categories: Normal; Abnormal (Abn), Not Clinically significant (NCS); Abnormal, Clinically significant (CS). Reported results are number of subjects with 'normal'; 'Abn, NCS' and 'Abn, CS' ECG results at screening (week -2 to week 0) and week 26.

Time frame: Screening (week -2 to week 0), week 26

Change in Pulse

Change in pulse after 26 weeks of treatment.

Time frame: Week 0, week 26

Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) of Treatment: Diabetes Therapy-Related Quality of Life (DTR-QOL)Questionnaire

For the DTR-QOL questionnaire, change from baseline in the 'Total score' and the following four 'Domain scores' were analysed: 1. Burden on social activities and daily activities 2. Anxiety and dissatisfaction with treatment 3. Hypoglycaemia 4. Satisfaction with treatment. The scoring range of 'Total score' was converted to 0-100 (best case response = 100; worst case response = 0). The scoring range for each of four domains was converted to 0-100 (best case response = 100; worst case response = 0).

Time frame: week 0, week 26

Change From Baseline in Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) of Treatment: EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D-5L) Questionnaire

Overall health state was rated by patients using the EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale (VAS) and the EQ-5D-5L index score. The EQ-5D-5L VAS is a vertical scale where patients can rank their health from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). The EQ-5D-5L index score was calculated based on the 5 dimensions, i.e., mobility, self-care, usual activities (e.g., work, study), pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression with five response levels for each dimension, i.e., no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The scores from 5 dimensions are then converted to the EQ-5D-5L index score scale: 0 - 1 (full health/best-case response = 1; death/worst-case response = 0).

Time frame: week 0, week 26