The primary objective is to determine which among high vs low Glycemic Index (GI) / Glycemic Responses (GR) interventions at breakfast or at dinner is the most effective for lowering glycemic response of the subsequent standard meal.
Consumption of low Glycemic Index (GI) foods has been shown to not only attenuate blood glucose response during the postprandial period immediately following a meal but to have also positive metabolic effects at the subsequent meal, known as the "second-meal effect" by reducing glucose excursion beyond actual meal. The relative importance of the timing of the glycemic load variation (e.g., breakfast or dinner) on the overall, 24h, glycemic control has not been investigated in detail. We hypothesize that eating low GI foods in a single meal either for breakfast or for dinner would have different consequential effects on glycemic control over the following meal and thereafter during 24 hours. In order to establish the relative importance of breakfast or dinner in predicting glycemic control/response of the following meal and for a 24-hour period this study will use comprehensive methods including Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems (CGMS) as well as measuring postprandial blood glucose and insulin.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
48
Intake of low GI breakfast
Intake of high GI breakfast
Intake of Low GI dinner
Clinical Nutrition Research Center
Singapore, Singapore
Glycemia
Incremental areas under curve (iAUC) of glycemia in the 3 hours following meal intake
Time frame: 3 hours
Glycemia
Incremental areas under curve (iAUC) of glycemia over 24 hours
Time frame: 24h
Plasma glucagon
Measure of plasma glucagon over a 3-h period following meal intake
Time frame: 3 hours
Plasma insulin
Measure of plasma insulin over a 3-h period following meal intake
Time frame: 3 hours post meal intake
Plasma triglycerides
Measure of plasma triglycerides over a 3-h period following meal intake
Time frame: 3 hours post meal intake
Plasma glycerol
Measure of plasma glycerol over a 3-h period following meal intake
Time frame: 3 hours post meal intake
Plasma free fatty acids
Measure of plasma free fatty acids over a 3-h period following meal intake
Time frame: 3 hours
Satiety
Satiety will be assessed by Visual Analog Scales
Time frame: Every 30 minutes over the 3 hours post meal intake
Hunger
Hunger will be assessed by Visual Analog Scales
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Intake of high GI dinner
Time frame: Every 30 minutes over the 3 hours post meal intake