PreventiOn of DYSbioSis Complications With Autologous FMT in AML Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients ≥ 18 and ≤ 75 years old with de novo diagnosis of AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrom for whom intensive induction chemotherapy is anticipated within 10 days after admission * Patients willing to donate stool samples and to follow protocol recommendations * Signature of informed and written consent Exclusion Criteria: * Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML-M3) * Known allergy or intolerance to trehalose or maltodextrin * Pregnancy: positive urinary or blood test in female of childbearing potential * Severe disease with a life expectancy \< 3 months * Other ongoing interventional protocol that might interfere with the study * Non eligibility for collection of autologous stools upon admission: * Patients refusing to consent * Antibiotherapy at the time of study inclusion ≥ 4 days * Concomitant or previous diagnosis of a significant inflammatory bowel disease (UC, CD) or other progressive digestive disease requesting treatment or further medical exploration * Presence of severe colitis of any etiology at the time of admission or severe digestive disorders (acute or chronic diarrhea) within 3 months preceding inclusion * Patient getting a recent colonoscopy (within 3 months preceding inclusion) * Detection of MDRB, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, norovirus and/or rotavirus during screening of autologous stool collected at baseline * Non eligibility for inoculum transplantation: persistent mucositis, colitis, or haemorrhoids, presence of blood in more than 50% of patient's faeces the week preceding the transplantation * Non feasibility of inoculum procedure: patient refusal; technical or biological mismatch of the inoculum * Absence of effective contraceptive method for female of childbearing potential * Lactation * Inability to give an informed consent