The purpose of this trial is to investigate comprehensively the effect of riboflavin supplementation on the abundance of F. prausnitzii and on other members of the gut microbiota in faeces of healthy volunteers. Additionally it will be assessed whether riboflavin supplementation affects the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC). Finally, the effect of riboflavin supplementation on the production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, the release of gut hormones and potential changes in glucose homeostasis and appetite perception will be assessed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
105
Medical Microbiology, UMCG Groningen
Groningen, Netherlands
Number of F. prausnitzii per gram faeces
To determine the effect of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on the number of F. prausnitzii per gram faeces in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Bacterial composition (diversity and quantity of anaerobic microbiota) per gram faeces
To determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on bacterial composition (diversity and quantity of anaerobic microbiota) in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in faeces
To determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in faeces in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Gastrointestinal (GI) comfort (bloating, flatulence)
To determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on gastrointestinal (GI) comfort (bloating, flatulence) in comparison with placebo using validated visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires
Time frame: 2 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: blood glucose
In a subgroup of participants, to determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and ghrelin as well as appetite feelings during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: plasma insulin
In a subgroup of participants, to determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and ghrelin as well as appetite feelings during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in comparison with placebo
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Time frame: 2 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)
In a subgroup of participants, to determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and ghrelin as well as appetite feelings during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Glucagon-like Peptide 2 (GLP-2)
In a subgroup of participants, to determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and ghrelin as well as appetite feelings during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: ghrelin
In a subgroup of participants, to determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and ghrelin as well as appetite feelings during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Appetite feelings during the test
In a subgroup of participants, to determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation (50 and 100 mg/day) on blood glucose, and plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2 and ghrelin as well as appetite feelings during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in comparison with placebo
Time frame: 2 weeks
Changes in stool characteristics: faeces pH
To determine the possible changes in stool characteristics such as faeces pH upon riboflavin supplementation
Time frame: 2 weeks
Changes in stool characteristics: dry weight
To determine the possible changes in stool characteristics such as dry weight upon riboflavin supplementation
Time frame: 2 weeks
Changes in gut permeability related biomarkers: fatty-acid-binding proteins (I-FABP (plasma))
To determine any possible effect on gut permeability, assessment of permeability related biomarkers: fatty-acid-binding proteins (I-FABP (plasma)) and SM-22 (serum) upon riboflavin supplementation
Time frame: 2 weeks
Changes in gut permeability related biomarkers: SM-22 (serum)
To determine any possible effect on gut permeability, assessment of permeability related biomarkers: fatty-acid-binding proteins (I-FABP (plasma)) and SM-22 (serum) upon riboflavin supplementation
Time frame: 2 weeks
Riboflavin concentration in faeces
To determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation on riboflavin concentration in faeces and plasma
Time frame: 2 weeks
Riboflavin concentration in plasma
To determine the effects of 2 weeks oral riboflavin supplementation on riboflavin concentration in faeces and plasma
Time frame: 2 weeks