The oral absorption and urinary excretion kinetics of the bioactive ingredients from rice bran (gamma-oryzanol, tocotrienols, tocopherols and ferulic acid esters) after incorporation into an oat porridge (oat porridge) compared to unprocessed rice bran extract oil were investigated. The influence of the type of preparation (with water vs. milk) of porridge on the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds was compared. The study followed a single dose (2 g rice bran extract), randomized, three armed crossover study design with ≥1-week washout periods. Plasma and urine samples were collected at intervals up to 24 h after intake.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
12
University of Hohenheim
Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Mean area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration vs. time of total alfa, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols [nmol/L*h]
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Mean area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration vs. time of total ferulic acid [nmol/L*h]
Total ferulic acid after deconjugation with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Mean area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration vs. time of total gamma-oryzanol [nmol/L*h]
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of total total alfa, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols [nmol/L]
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of total ferulic acid [nmol/L]
Total ferulic acid after deconjugation with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of total gamma-oryzanol [nmol/L]
Total gamma-oryzanol after deconjugation with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of total alfa, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols [h]
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of total ferulic acid [h]
Total ferulic acid after deconjugation with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of total gamma-oryzanol [h]
Total gamma-oryzanol after deconjugation with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase
Time frame: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post dose
Cumulative urinary excretion of total Vitamin E metabolites [nmol/g creatinine]
Time frame: 0-24 h post dose
Cumulative urinary excretion of total ferulic acid [nmol/g creatinine]
Time frame: 0-24 h post dose
Cumulative urinary excretion of total gamma-oryzanol [nmol/g creatinine]
Time frame: 0-24 h post dose
Serum aspartate transaminase activity [U/L]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum alanine transaminase activity [U/L]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity [U/L]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum alkaline phosphatase activity [U/L]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum bilirubin
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum uric acid [mg/dL]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum creatinine [mg/dL]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum total cholesterol [mg/dL]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum HDL cholesterol [mg/dL]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum LDL cholesterol [mg/dL]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum triacylglycerols [mg/dL]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Glomerular filtration rate [mL/min]
Time frame: 0, 4, 24h post-dose
Serum glucose [mg/dL]
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Time frame: 0, 24h post-dose