The Value of VOCs Analysis in Exhaled Breath for Pulmonary Benign and Malignant Lesion Diagnosis

Inclusion Criteria: * cohort 1 : Inclusion criteria: Patients newly diagnosed with primary lung cancer by tissue biopsy and did not receive any treatment aiming at the tumor, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Age ≥ 18 years * cohort 2： Inclusion criteria： Patients diagnosed with pulmonary benign lesion by tissue biopsy or other examination. Age ≥ 18 years Exclusion Criteria: patients who have more than one type of carcinoma patients diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients diagnosed chronic renal failure patients diagnosed upper digestive tract ulcer patients who reject to sign the informed consent from * cohort 3： Healthy controls Volunteers without diagnosed lung diseases and pulmonary symptoms.