This was a study to investigate the potential clinical benefit of trilaciclib (G1T28) in preserving the bone marrow and the immune system, and enhancing chemotherapy antitumor efficacy when administered prior to carboplatin and gemcitabine (GC therapy) for participants with metastatic triple negative breast cancer. The study was an open-label and 102 participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1 fashion) to 1 of the 3 following treatment groups: * Group 1: GC therapy (Days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles) only (n=34) * Group 2: GC therapy (Days 1 and 8) plus trilaciclib (G1T28) on Days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles (n=33) * Group 3: GC therapy (Days 2 and 9) plus trilaciclib (G1T28) on Days 1, 2, 8, and 9 of 21-day cycles (n=35) The study included 3 study phases: Screening Phase, Treatment Phase, and Survival Follow-up Phase. The Treatment Phase begins on the day of first dose with study treatment and completes at the Post-Treatment Visit.
The posted results represent the final results of Study G1T28-04, a Phase 2 study of the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of trilaciclib (G1T28) in patients with locally recurrent/metastatic triple negative breast cancer receiving gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy. The final myelopreservation efficacy results are reported from database lock 1 (\[DBL1\], data cut-off \[DCO\] date of 30 July 2018). Final anti-tumor efficacy (ORR, PFS), and final summary exposure and safety data are reported from database lock 2 (\[DBL2\], DCO 28 June 2019) which occurred to support filing of the trilaciclib New Drug Application (NDA). Final overall survival (OS) data are reported from the final database lock which occurred on 17 July 2020 (with a last patient last visit date of 28 February 2020).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
102
Arizona Oncology Associates, PC - HOPE
Tucson, Arizona, United States
Disney Family Cancer Center
Burbank, California, United States
Sharp Clinical Oncology
San Diego, California, United States
Innovative Clinical Research Institute
Whittier, California, United States
Memorial UC Health
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
Duration of Severe (Grade 4) Neutropenia (DSN) During Cycle 1
DSN was defined as the number of days from the date of the first absolute neutrophil count (ANC) value of less than (\<) 0.5 × 10\^9 cells/liter (L) observed between Day 1 Cycle 1 and the end of Cycle 1 to the date of the first ANC value greater than or equal to (\>=) 0.5 × 10\^9/L that met the following: (1) occurred after the ANC value of \< 0.5 × 10\^9 cells/L and (2) no other ANC values \< 0.5 × 10\^9 cells/L occurred between this day and the end of Cycle 1. Severe neutropenia (SN) was set to zero for participants who did not experience severe (Grade 4) neutropenia in Cycle 1, including those who were randomized but never treated.
Time frame: From randomization to the end of Cycle 1 (Each cycle= 21 days)
Number of Participants With Severe (Grade 4) Neutropenia (SN)
Number of participants with Grade 4 SN was a binary variable. If a participants had at least 1 ANC value \< 0.5 ×10\^9/L during the treatment period, the participants was assigned as "yes" to the occurrence of SN. Otherwise, it was "no".
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Best Overall Response (BOR) as Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1)
BOR was defined as the best response across all time points (RECIST v1.1). The best overall response was determined once all the data for the participant is known. Each participant has been assigned one of the following categories (RECIST 1.1): complete response (CR): disappearance of all target lesions; partial response (PR): \>= 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters; progression disease (PD): \>= 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study); stable disease (SD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD); NE: not evaluable and missing.
Time frame: From date of randomization until the occurrence of progressive disease or a censoring event, assessed up to a maximum of 875 days
Duration of Objective Response (DOR) as Per RECIST v1.1 as Determined by Investigator
DOR is the time between first response by RECIST Version 1.1 of CR or PR and the first date that progressive disease is documented by RECIST Version 1.1, or death. Participants who do not experience PD or death was censored at the last tumor assessment date. 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: From date of randomization until the occurrence of progressive disease or a censoring event, assessed up to a maximum of 875 days
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival was defined as the time (months) from date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. Participants who do not die during the study were censored at the date last known to be alive. The OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: From date of randomization to date of death due to any cause, assessed up to a maximum of 1120 days
Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Per RECIST v1.1 as Determined by Investigator
PFS was defined as the time (months) from date of randomization until date of documented PD or death due to any cause, whichever comes first. PD: \>= 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study). The PFS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: From date of randomization until the occurrence of disease progression, death due to any cause or a censoring event, assessed up to a maximum of 875 days
Relative Dose Intensity of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin
Relative dose intensity was defined as 100% times the actual dose intensity divided by the planned dose intensity. The planned dose intensity was defined as the cumulative planned dose through the study divided by (number of cycles × 3 weeks). Relative dose intensity (%) was calculated as: for gemcitabine (100 \* \[Dose intensity (mg/m2/week) / (2000/3 (mg/m2/week)\]); for carboplatin (100 \* \[Dose intensity (AUC/week)/ (4/3) (AUC/week)\]) and for trilaciclib (100 \* \[Dose intensity (mg/m2/week)/ (480 /3 (mg/m2/week)\] for Group 2 and 100 \* \[Dose intensity (mg/m2/week) / (960 /3 (mg/m2/week)\] for Group 3).
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Duration of Exposure
Duration of exposure (days) = First dose date of study drug from the last cycle - first dose date of study drug + 21.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Number of Cycles Participants Received Treatment in Each Treatment Arm
Participants were considered to have started a cycle if they have received at least 1 dose of any study drug.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Cumulative Dose of Gemcitabine
Cumulative dose: Sum of the total doses by cycle administered to a participant in the duration of exposure, i.e. total number of cycles received (milligram per meter square \[mg/m\^2\]).
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Cumulative Dose of Carboplatin
Cumulative dose: Sum of the total doses by cycle (AUC) administered to a participant in the duration of exposure, i.e. total number of cycles received (in total prescribed AUC).
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Trilaciclib
The observed peak plasma concentration was determined from the plasma concentration-versus time data.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to t Hours (AUC0-t) of Trilaciclib
AUC0-t was calculated with the linear/log-trapezoidal method, which uses linear interpolation between data points to calculate the AUC. The linear/log-trapezoidal method will be employed for all incremental trapezoids arising from increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal method will be used for those arising from decreasing concentrations.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2) of Trilaciclib
t1/2 was calculated as 0.693 divided by lambda z. lambda z (terminal phase rate constant) was determined by linear regression of at least 3 points on the terminal phase of the log-linear plasma concentration-time curve, the actual body exposure to drug after administration of a dose of the drug ( in mg\*h/L).
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Gemcitabine
The observed peak plasma concentration was determined from the plasma concentration-versus time data.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to t Hours (AUC0-t) of Gemcitabine
AUC0-t was calculated with the linear/log-trapezoidal method.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Terminal Elimination Half-Life (t1/2) of Free Carboplatin
t1/2 was calculated as 0.693 divided by lambda z. lambda z (terminal phase rate constant) was determined by linear regression of at least 3 points on the terminal phase of the log-linear plasma concentration-time curve.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Clearance (CL) of of Free Carboplatin
Clearance after intravenous infusion administration was calculated as: CL=Dose/AUC0-inf. AUC0-inf was calculated as: AUC0-inf=AUClast+Clast/lambdaz where Clast is the last quantifiable concentration in the terminal elimination phase.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Volume of Distribution at Steady State (Vss) of Free Carboplatin
Vss was the volume of distribution at steady state of free carboplatin was reported.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 1): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 24 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 1 (Group 2) and Cycle 1 Day 2 (Group 3): Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5.5, 24 hours post-dose (Each cycle is of 21 days)
Number of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 Hematologic Toxicities
Hematologic toxicities events were defined as any cycle where any hematologic lab value occurs that meets the CTCAE toxicity grade criteria for \>= Grade 3 and the value is treatment emergent. The occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities was a binary endpoint. If a participant had at least 1 cycle with at least one Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities during the treatment period, the participant was assigned as Yes to the occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities; otherwise, it was No. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that participant.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Grade 3 or 4 Thrombocytopenia
Hematologic toxicities events are defined as any cycle where any hematologic lab value occurs that meets the CTCAE toxicity grade criteria for \>= Grade 3 and the value is treatment emergent. The occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia was a binary endpoint. If a participant had at least 1 cycle with at least one Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia during the treatment period, the participant was assigned as "Yes" to the occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia; otherwise, it was "No". If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that participant.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Major Adverse Hematologic Event (MAHE) Rate
MAHE was a composite endpoint incorporating the measurement of several clinically meaningful aspects of myelosuppression into a single endpoint by summing of the total number of events across a set of pre-specified components.The individual components for MAHE were all-cause hospitalizations, all-cause dose reductions, febrile neutropenia, prolonged severe neutropenia (duration \> 5 days), RBC transfusion and platelet transfusion. Event rate for MAHE was calculated as the number of events/durations of treatment period divided by 7 days/1 week.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Febrile Neutropenia (FN)
The criterion for identifying FN was if the PT was "FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA" the occurrence during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of events \>=1 was observed, No for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that participant.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Infection SAEs
Number of participants with infection SAEs during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of events \>=1 was observed, No for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that participant. The criterion for identifying the proper infection SAE records was as follows: If the system organ class (SOC) from Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) takes value "INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS," and the AE was a serious event.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusions On/After Week 5 (Day 35)
Each RBC transfusion with a unique start date on/after 5 weeks on study during the treatment period was defined as a separate event. Occurrence during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); "Yes" if the total number of events \>=1 was observed and "No" for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 will be assigned to that participant.
Time frame: From Day 35 through the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 508 days
Number of Participants With Platelet Transfusions
Each platelet transfusion with a unique start date during the treatment period was defined as a separate event. The occurrence during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if the total number of events \>=1 was observed and No for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 will be assigned to that participant.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Administration
The criterion for selecting proper records is as follows: If the chemical subgroup from the World Health Organization-Drug Dictionary (WHO-DD) takes value "COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR," the medication was classified as G-CSF. The occurrence during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); "Yes" if the total number of events \>=1 was observed and "No" for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 will be assigned to that participant.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) Administration
The occurrence during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); "Yes" if total number of events \>=1 was observed, "No" for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that participant. The criterion to select proper records was as follows: If the chemical subgroup from WHO-DD Version September 2017 (i.e., TEXT4 for CODE4) takes value "OTHER ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS", the medication was classified as ESAs.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Number of Participants With Intravenous Antibiotics Use
The criteria for identifying an IV antibiotic administration event was (1) if the Therapeutic subgroup from WHO-DD version takes value "ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE", and (2) the route of medication was "intravenous" or the route was "other" with the detailed specification as "IVPB". The occurrence during the treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); "Yes" if total number of events \>=1 was observed, "No" for other scenarios. If a participant did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that participant.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
All-cause Dose Reductions, Event Rate (Per Cycle)
Dose reductions were not permitted for trilaciclib. Dose reductions for gemcitabine or carboplatin were collected on the dosing page. No more than 3 dose modifications for toxicity in total were allowed for any participant. All dose reductions were counted as a separate event. Discontinuations of an individual component of the chemotherapy regimen were counted as a dose reduction If the participant continued the other chemotherapy drug as a monotherapy. Event rate was calculated as the total number of cycles with an event divided by the total number of cycles.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 542 days
Dose Modifications: Number of Participants With Cycle Delays
Dose modifications was summarized for each study drug based on number of cycles received during the treatment period. If the participant was unable to start a new cycle at that next visit, then the cycle is delayed, the reason entered, and the question was asked again at the next visit until the participant either starts a new cycle or discontinues treatment.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Dose Modifications - Number of Participants With Skipped Doses
Dose modifications was summarized for each study drug based on skipped doses not received during the treatment period. Primary reasons for skipped doses included toxicity, investigator decision and administrative reasons (e.g., holidays).
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Dose Modifications: Number of Participants With Any Dose Interruptions
Dose interruptions was defined as interruption of infusion, regardless of whether the study drug was continued after the interruption.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
Dose Modifications - Number of Participants With Dose Reductions
Dose (mg/m2) reductions were not permitted for trilaciclib. Dose reductions for carboplatin and gemcitabine were determined by comparing the planned dose on the respective drug administration pages between the current cycle and the previous cycle.
Time frame: During the treatment period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 871 days
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers
Lakewood, Colorado, United States
Florida Cancer Specialists
Fort Myers, Florida, United States
Florida Cancer Research Institute, LLC.
Plantation, Florida, United States
Florida Cancer Specialists - North (FCS North)
St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
Moffitt Cancer Center
Tampa, Florida, United States
...and 44 more locations