Primary Objective: To demonstrate the benefit of isatuximab in combination with pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in the prolongation of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as compared to pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in participants with refractory or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Secondary Objectives: * To evaluate the Overall Response Rate (ORR) as per International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria in each arm. * To compare the Overall Survival (OS) between the two arms. * To evaluate the Time To Progression (TTP) in each arm. * To evaluate the PFS in high risk cytogenetic population in each arm. * To evaluate the Duration of Response (DOR) in each arm. * To evaluate the safety in both treatment arms. * To determine the Pharmacokinetic profile of isatuximab in combination with pomalidomide. * To evaluate the immunogenicity of isatuximab. * To assess disease-specific and generic health-related quality of life (HRQL), disease and treatment-related symptoms, health state utility, and health status.
The duration of the study for the participants included a period for screening of up to 21 days (or up to 28 days for women who can become pregnant). Participants continued study treatment until disease progression, unacceptable adverse reaction, participants' wish or other reason of discontinuation. During follow-up, participants who discontinued the study treatment due to progression of the disease were followed every 3 months (12 weeks) for survival (or until cut-off date), and participants who discontinued the study treatment prior to documentation of disease progression were followed-up every 4 weeks until disease progression, and then every 3 months (12 weeks) for survival (or until cut-off date).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
307
Pharmaceutical form: solution for infusion Route of administration: intravenous
Pharmaceutical form: capsule Route of administration: oral
Pharmaceutical form: tablets or solution for infusion Route of administration: oral or intravenous
BRCR Medical Center Inc. Site Number : 8400002
Plantation, Florida, United States
Dana Farber Site Number : 8400006
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Investigational Site Number : 0360004
St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
Investigational Site Number : 0360001
Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
Investigational Site Number : 0360005
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
PFS:time from date of randomization to date of first documentation of progressive disease (PD) determined by Independent Response Committee (IRC) or date of death from any cause, whichever comes first. If progression or death was not observed, participant was censored at date of last progression-free tumor assessment prior to study cut-off date. Analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. PD as per International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria was defined as increase of \>=25% from lowest confirmed value in any one of the following criteria: serum M-protein (the absolute increase must be \>=0.5gram(g)/dL), serum M-protein increase \>=1g/dL if lowest M component was \>=5g/dL; urine M-component (absolute increase must be \>=200mg/24hour), appearance of new lesion(s),\>=50% increase from nadir in sum of the products of the maximal perpendicular diameters of measured lesions (SPD) of \>1 lesion, or \>=50% increase in the longest diameter of a previous lesion \>1 centimeter in short axis.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of progression, or the date of death from any cause, or initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration: 76.7 weeks)
Overall Response Rate (ORR): Percentage of Participants With Disease Response as Per Independent Response Committee (IRC)
ORR (IMWG criteria): percentage of participants with stringent complete response(sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), and partial response (PR) as best overall response, assessed by IRC. sCR:negative immunofixation on serum and urine,disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas,\<5% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates plus normal free light chain(FLC)ratio(0.26-1.65), absence of clonal cells in bone marrow biopsy.CR:negative immunofixation on serum and urine,disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas,\<5% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates.VGPR: serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation, not on electrophoresis/,\>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100mg/24h/,\>=90% decrease in SPD compared to baseline in soft tissue plasmacytoma. PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24h urinary M-protein by \>=90%/\<200mg/24h,if present at baseline,\>=50% reduction in the size (SPD) of soft tissue plasmacytomas.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of progression or initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Percentage of Participants With Best Overall Response (BOR) as Per Independent Response Committee
BOR:best sequential response from start of treatment until disease progression, death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment/data cut-off, whichever comes first. Ordering of evaluations from best to worse was: sCR,CR,VGPR,PR, minimal response (MR), stable disease (SD), PD, and not evaluable.CR: negative immunofixation on serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas,\<5% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates. sCR:CR as defined previously plus normal FLC ratio (0.26 to 1.65), absence of clonal cells in bone marrow biopsy. VGPR: serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation,\>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100mg/24h,\>=90% decrease in SPD compared to baseline in soft tissue plasmacytoma. PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24h urinary M-protein by \>=90%/\<200mg/24h. MR:\>=25% but \<=49% reduction in serum M-protein and reduction in 24h urine M-protein by 50-89%. SD: Not meeting criteria for CR,VGPR,PR,MR/PD.
Time frame: From the date of randomization until disease progression, or death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Percentage of Participants With Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better as Per Independent Response Committee
VGPR rate was defined as the percentage of participants achieving a VGPR or better as BOR. VGPR was defined as serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or \>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100 mg/24 h or \>=90% decrease in the sum of maximal perpendicular diameter compared to baseline in soft tissue plasmacytoma. BOR was defined as the best sequential response, using the IRC's assessment of response, from the start of treatment until disease progression (provided that the progression is subsequently confirmed in case of progression requiring confirmation), death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment, or cut-off date, whichever occurs first. CR: negative immunofixation on serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas,\<5% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of progression, death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment, or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR): Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit as Per Independent Response Committee
CBR was defined as the percentage of participants achieving a MR or better as BOR. MR was defined as \>= 25% but \<= 49% reduction in serum M-protein and reduction in 24h urine M-protein by 50-89%, which still exceed 200 mg/24h; if present at baseline, \>=50% reduction in size (SPD) of soft tissue plasmacytomas was also required. BOR was defined as the best sequential response, using the IRC's assessment of response, from the start of treatment until disease progression (provided that the progression is subsequently confirmed in case of progression requiring confirmation), death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment, or cut-off date, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of progression, death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Overall Survival (OS): Final Analysis
OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to death from any cause. In the absence of confirmation of death, survival time was censored at the last date participant was known to be alive or at the cut-off date, whichever comes first. This pre-specified final analysis was performed when the 220 OS events were met.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to date of death from any cause or data cut-off date, whichever was earlier (maximum duration 245.6 weeks)
Time to Progression (TTP) as Per Independent Response Committee
TTP was defined as time from randomization to the date of first documentation of PD, as determined by the IRC. As per IMWG criteria, PD was defined for participants with increase of \>= 25% from lowest confirmed value in any one of the following criteria: serum M-protein (the absolute increase must be \>= 0.5 g/dL), serum M-protein increase \>=1 g/dL if the lowest M component was \>=5 g/dL; urine M-component (the absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hour), appearance of new lesion(s), \>=50% increase from nadir in SPD of \>1 lesion, or \>=50% increase in the longest diameter of a previous lesion \>1 centimeter in short axis.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of progression, or initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Progression Free Survival in High Risk Cytogenetic Population
PFS in high risk cytogenetic population was defined as PFS in subgroup of participants carrying high risk cytogenetic changes including del(17p), translocation (t)(4;14) or translocation t(14;16) assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PFS was defined as the time from date of randomization to date of first documentation of PD (determined by IRC) or date of death from any cause, whichever comes first. PD defined as per IMWG criteria as: increase of \>=25% from lowest confirmed value in any one of following criteria: serum M-protein (absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL), serum M-protein increase \>=1 g/dL if lowest M component was \>=5 g/dL; urine M-component (absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hour), appearance of new lesion(s), \>=50% increase from nadir in SPD of \>1 lesion, or \>=50% increase in the longest diameter of previous lesion \>1 centimeter (cm) in short axis.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documentation of progression, or the date of death from any cause, or initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Duration of Response (DOR) as Per Independent Response Committee
DOR:time from date of first IRC determined response(PR or better) to date of first IRC-PD or death, whichever occurred first.DOR was determined only for participants who had achieved a response of PR or better based on disease assessment by IRC.If progression or death was not observed,participant was censored at date of participants last progression-free tumor assessment prior to initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment(if any)and study cut-off date. PD(IMWG criteria):increase of \>=25% from lowest confirmed value in any one of following criteria: serum M-protein (absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL), serum M-protein increase \>=1g/dL if lowest M component was \>=5g/dL;urine M-component (absolute increase must be \>=200mg/24 hour),appearance of new lesion(s), \>=50% increase from nadir in SPD of \>1 lesion,or \>=50% increase in the longest diameter of a previous lesion \>1 cm in short axis. PR:\>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24h urinary M-protein by \>=90%/\<200mg/24h.
Time frame: From the date of the first IRC determined response to the date of first IRC progression or death, whichever occurred first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Time to First Response (TT1R) as Per Independent Response Committee
TT1R was defined as the time from randomization to the date of first IRC determined response (PR or better) that is subsequently confirmed. PR was defined as \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hours urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 h. In addition to the above listed criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size (SPD) of soft tissue plasmacytomas was also required.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first IRC determined response, or death or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Time to Best Response (TTBR) as Per Independent Response Committee
TTBR was defined as the time from randomization to the date of first occurrence of IRC determined BOR (PR or better) that was subsequently confirmed. PR was defined as \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hours urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 h. In addition to the above listed criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size (SPD) of soft tissue plasmacytomas was also required. BOR was defined as the best sequential response, using the IRC's assessment of response, from the start of treatment until disease progression (provided that the progression is subsequently confirmed in case of progression requiring confirmation), death, initiation of further anti-myeloma treatment, or cut-off date, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to date of first occurrence of IRC determined best overall response or data cut-off whichever comes first (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Number of Participants With Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
MRD was assessed by next-generation sequencing in bone marrow samples from participants who achieved CR, to determine the depth of response at the molecular level. IMWG criteria for CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates. MRD was classified as positive or negative at the minimum sensitivity of 1 in 10\^5 nucleated cells. MRD negativity was defined as the absence of the dominant clonotype sequence(s) identified in the bone marrow aspirate collected at screening. MRD positivity was defined as the presence of the dominant clonotype sequence(s) identified in the bone marrow aspirate collected at screening.
Time frame: Up to 76.7 weeks
Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Adverse Event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug and did not necessarily had a causal relationship with the treatment. TEAEs were defined as AEs that developed, worsened (according to the Investigator opinion), or became serious during the treatment period (time from the first dose of study treatments up to 30 days after last dose of study treatments). An SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, is a medically important event.
Time frame: From randomization up to 30 days after last dose of study drug (maximum duration up to 241.6 weeks for Pd arm and 245.6 weeks for IPd arm)
Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameter: Plasma Concentration of Isatuximab at End of Infusion (CEOI)
CEOI was defined as the plasma concentration at end of infusion.
Time frame: End of infusion on Cycle(C)1 Day(D)1 and Cycle1 Day 15; Cycle 2 Day 1; and Cycle 4 Day 1
Pharmacokinetic Parameter: Accumulation Ratio of Isatuximab at Concentration at the End of Infusion (CEOI)
Accumulation Ratio was defined as the ratio of CEOI of Cycle 2 Day 1 versus Cycle 1 Day 1 and Cycle 4 Day 1 versus Cycle 1 Day 1, where CEOI was the plasma concentration at the end of infusion.
Time frame: End of infusion on Cycle 1 Day 1, Cycle 2 Day 1, and Cycle 4 Day 1
Pharmacokinetic Parameter: Plasma Concentration of Isatuximab at 1 Hour After End of Infusion (CEOI+1 Hour)
CEOI+1 hour was defined as the plasma concentration of isatuximab at 1 hour after end of infusion.
Time frame: Cycle 1:1 hour after End of Infusion on Day 1; Cycle 4:1 hour after End of Infusion on Day 1
PK Parameter: Plasma Concentration of Isatuximab at Ctrough
Trough Concentration (Ctrough) is the concentration prior to study drug administration.
Time frame: Pre-infusion on C1D1, C1D8, C1D15, C1D22, C2D1, C2D15, C3D1, C3D15, C4D1, C4D15, C5D1, C6D1, C7D1, C8D1, C9D1, C10D1, C11D1, C12D1, C13D1, C14D1, C15D1, C16D1, C17D1, C18D1, C19D1, C20D1; End of treatment (EOT [30 days after last drug administration])
PK Parameter: Accumulation Ratio of Isatuximab at Trough Concentration (Ctrough)
Accumulation Ratio was defined as the ratio of Ctrough of Cycle 2 Day 1 versus Cycle 1 Day 8 and Cycle 4 Day 1 versus Cycle 1 Day 8, where Ctrough is the concentration prior to study drug administration.
Time frame: Pre-infusion on Cycle 1 Day 8, Cycle 2 Day 1, and Cycle 4 Day 1
Number of Participants With Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA)
ADA were categorized as: pre-existing, treatment induced and treatment boosted response. Pre-existing ADA was defined as ADA that were present in samples drawn during the pretreatment period (i.e., before the first isatuximab administration). Treatment-induced ADA was defined as ADA that developed at any time during the ADA on-study observation period in participants without preexisting ADA, including participants without pretreatment samples. Treatment boosted ADA was defined as pre-existing ADA that increased at least 2 titer steps between pre-treatment and post-treatment.
Time frame: From randomization up to 60 days after last dose of study drug (maximum duration 76.7 weeks)
Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Cancer Specific Questionnaire With 30 Items (EORTC QLQ-C30): Global Health Status (GHS)/Quality of Life (QOL) Score
EORTC-Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 is a cancer-specific instrument with 30 questions for evaluation of new chemotherapy and provides an assessment of participant reported outcome dimensions. EORTC QLQ-C30 included GHS/ QOL, functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, social), symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting), and 6 single items (dyspnea, appetite loss, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, financial difficulties). Most questions from QLQ-C30 were a 4-point scale (1/Not at All to 4/Very Much), except Items 29-30, which comprise GHS scale and were a 7-point scale (1/Very Poor to 7/Excellent). Answers were converted into grading scale, with values between 0 and 100. A high score represented a favorable outcome with a best quality of life for participant.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of each cycle (Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 9, and Cycle 17)
Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Multiple Myeloma Specific Module With 20 Items (EORTC QLQ-MY20): Disease Symptoms Domain Score
EORTC QLQ-MY20 is a validated questionnaire to assess the overall quality of life in participants with multiple myeloma. Disease symptoms domain is one of the four domain scores. Disease symptoms domain score used 4-point scale (1 'Not at All' to 4 'Very Much'). Scores are averaged, and transformed to 0 -100 scale, where higher scores = more symptoms and lower health-related quality of life (HRQL) and lower score = less symptoms and more HRQL
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of each cycle (Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 9, and Cycle 17)
Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Multiple Myeloma Specific Module With 20 Items (EORTC QLQ-MY20): Side Effects of Treatment Domain Score
EORTC QLQ-MY20 is a validated questionnaire to assess the overall quality of life in participants with multiple myeloma. Side effects of treatment domain is one of the four domain scores. Side effects of treatment domain score used 4-point scale (1 'Not at All' to 4 'Very Much'). Scores are averaged, and transformed to 0-100 scale, where higher scores = more side effects and lower HRQL and lower scores = less side effects and better HRQL.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of each cycle (Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 9, and Cycle 17)
Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life Working Group Health Status Measure 5 Dimensions (5D), 5 Levels (5L) (EQ-5D-5L) Score: Health State Utility Index Value
The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status that provides a general assessment of health and wellbeing. The EQ-5D descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has a 5-level response: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and extreme problems. Response options are measured with a 5-point Likert scale (for the 5L version). The 5D-5L systems are converted into a single index utility score between 0 to 1, where higher score indicates a better health state and lower score indicate worse health state.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of each cycle (Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 9, and Cycle 17)
Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life Working Group Health Status Measure 5 Dimensions, 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) Score: Visual Analogic Scale (VAS)
EQ-5D-5L is a standardized, participant-rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D-5L includes 2 components: the EQ-5D-5L health state utility index (descriptive system) and the EQ-5D-5L Visual Analog Scale. The Visual Analogue Scale is designed to rate the participant's current health state on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst imaginable health state and 100 represents the best imaginable health state.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of each cycle (Cycle 3, Cycle 6, Cycle 9, and Cycle 17)
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Investigational Site Number : 0360002
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Investigational Site Number : 0360006
Richmond, Victoria, Australia
Investigational Site Number : 0560003
Antwerp, Belgium
Investigational Site Number : 0560002
Brussels, Belgium
Investigational Site Number : 0560004
Ghent, Belgium
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