Gabapentin Reduces Opioid Use Postoperatively ("GROUP Study")

Overview

Gabapentin is a medication used primarily to treat seizures and pain. Studies have shown that this medication can help reduce pain after surgery, including hysterectomy, where the uterus or "womb" is removed. Opioids are the first choice for pain medication administered after surgery, but carry significant side effects. Several studies have demonstrated that if patients are given gabapentin before surgery, they require less opioids after surgery. However, there have not been any studies examining gabapentin's effects on post-operative pain in urogynecologic surgery, which treats pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when female pelvic floor supports have weakened and therefore patients experience a "bulge" or "pressure" in the vagina. Patients with these conditions are typically offered medical treatments, but some may require surgery, and this usually consists of vaginal hysterectomy, pelvic floor repair, and a mid-urethral sling to treat any concurrent urinary incontinence. Our study aims to look at the effect of gabapentin given to patients undergoing urogynecologic surgery on their pain levels after surgery, including the amount of opioid pain medication required. We hypothesize that the patients who receive gabapentin before surgery will require significantly less opioids. Over a six-month period, patients seen in Urogynecology clinics will be invited to participate in the study. Women who are already on gabapentin for other reasons, have an allergy to gabapentin, have a reason they cannot take gabapentin, or who cannot understand spoken English will be excluded from the study. After providing informed consent, they will be randomized to either receive gabapentin or a placebo pill. They will receive the standard surgical care, including the usual anesthesia for surgery and routine pain medications available after surgery. We will then compare the differences in opioid consumption in the first 24 hours after surgery as well as the time from the end of surgery to leaving to the recovery room and the length of recovery room stay between the gabapentin and placebo groups. We will also analyze the differences in anxiety, drowsiness, pain, and nausea as rated by the patients in each group.

This study will be a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial. All women presenting to Mount Sinai Hospital eligible for surgery with pelvic organ prolapse symptoms requiring hysterectomy with other pelvic reconstruction (repair of cystocele and/or rectocele, with or without TVT) will be provided with a written informed consent to be randomized to either receiving pre-operative gabapentin single dose or placebo 2 hours prior to surgery. The single dose of gabapentin will be 600 mg for patients under 65 years old and 300 mg for those 65 years old and above. All patients will have pre-operative assessment according to the usual routine that will include urogynecological history taking, physical examination, urodynamic testing and blood work. Urodynamic testing will include measurement of the post-void residual by urethral catheterization or bladder scan, uroflowmetry, a filling cystometrogram and urethral pressure profilometry. Medication and placebo will be prepared by the hospital pharmacy to look alike to blind staff and patients. Medication or placebo will be given with other pre-anesthesia medications such as celecoxib and acetaminophen according to usual protocol. Routine peri-operative surgical/anesthesia management will be unchanged from the usual care. Post-operative pain score will be measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 1 to 10. Total Opioids use during the first 24 hours after surgery will be calculated from patients' paper and electronic chart, and conversion will be made to morphine equivalents.