Omission of Intact Parathyroid Hormone Testing During Surgery in Treating Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Inclusion Criteria: * Positive 4 dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) for single gland (adenoma) primary hyperparathyroidism * Preoperative serum calcium levels \>= 10.9 mg/dL * Preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevated beyond normal range or inappropriately high for associated calcium level * Patient has no history of prior neck surgery or external radiation to neck for malignant conditions * Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of =\< 2 * Subject or legal representative must understand the investigational nature of this study and sign an Independent Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board approved written informed consent form prior to receiving any study related procedure Exclusion Criteria: * Patient has recurrent hyperparathyroidism * 4D CT positive for multiple gland disease * Patient has inability to tolerate 4D CT scan (for example; contrast intravenous (IV) allergy, claustrophobia, renal disease) * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements * Pregnant or nursing female subjects; may be determined in the preoperative evaluation * Unwilling or unable to follow protocol requirements * Any condition which in the investigator's opinion deems the subject an unsuitable candidate to undergo observational study (may also include preoperative testing results including electrocardiography \[EKG\], chest x-ray, or pulmonary function tests that preclude a wide excision in the operating room)