Comparing Two Diets in Patients Undergoing HSCT or Remission Induction Chemo for Acute Leukemia and MDS (UF-BMT-LDND-101)

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * Undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies or HSCT as outlined below: * Underlying diagnosis for non-HSCT patients: * Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) receiving induction or reinduction chemotherapy; OR * Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving an intensive induction chemotherapy (e.g., HyperCVAD±R, CALGB9251, Larsons protocol) with an expected duration of neutropenia of ≥7 days; OR * Allogeneic or autologous HSCT for any indication. For patients undergoing reduced intensity conditioning, only those regimens in which the expected neutropenia is ≥ 7 days are permitted and the patient must reside in the hospital * Expected duration of neutropenia of ≥ 7 days Exclusion Criteria: * Use of anti infectives for treatment of active systemic infections within 7 days prior to initiation of study diet * Untreated major infection at presentation * Patients with uncontrolled invasive fungal infection (defined as those who have not completed at least 6 weeks of treatment; or who are symptomatic with two CT scans, at least 1 week apart showing uncontrolled disease at the time of initiation of study diet) * Uncontrolled HIV, Hepatitis B and C infection * Receipt of nutrition via enteral tube or total parenteral nutrition at the time of enrollment * Patients unwilling to eat fresh fruit and/or vegetables * Planned management of neutropenia in the outpatient setting