Post-Operative Pain Management Following Spine Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-65 * Ability to speak, read, and write in English or Spanish * Primary indication is low back pain, radiculopathy, disc degeneration, disc herniation, foraminal stenosis, or mild 1-level spondylolisthesis or deformity * Scheduled to undergo primary, single level, lumbar fusion surgical procedure at the study center in the next 30 days * Willing to provide informed consent, participate in study, and comply with study protocol Exclusion Criteria: * Body mass index \>35 * Pregnant or contemplating pregnancy prior to surgery * Current or previous psychiatric, behavioral, or emotional disorder that may interfere with postsurgical pain, analgesia, or opioid use according to treating surgeon * Prior treatment for alcohol, recreational drug, or opioid abuse * Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g. Crohn's, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis) * Chronic neurologic conditions (e.g. multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's) * Serious spinal conditions (e.g. cauda equina syndrome, infection, tumor, fracture) * Hypersensitivity or allergy to local anesthetics * Previous surgery in lumbar spine (i.e. other than microdiscectomy); * Continuous (e.g. daily) opioid consumption for more than 30 days prior to surgery