The importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed and it was concluded that for prevention and treatment of periodontitis daily nutrition should include sufficient antioxidants, vitamin D and calcium. Up to now there is limited research available investigating the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the periodontal condition. Supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients has however raised numerous questions on clinical efficacy. Recently, a significant increase of medical literature on the effect of nutraceutical dietary aliments on general health has been noted. the aim of the present study is twofold. The first objective is to investigate the effect of twice-daily kiwifruit consumption as sole treatment modality in untreated periodontitis, followed after two months by initial periodontal therapy supported by continued kiwifruit consumption. The second objective is to investigate the effect of twice daily kiwifruit consumption on periodontal and systemic parameters of these periodontitis patients 3 months after treatment.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
50
Subjects were instructed to eat two kiwifruit per day during the whole study period. No recommendation on the type of kiwifruit, brand or origin was delivered. Kiwifruit was suggested to be taken as a whole and not mixed with sugar or other ingredients. No changes to their routinely dietary habits were suggested.
Non-surgical treatment of periodontal pockets with hand and ultrasonic instrumentation
Full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS)
Changes of FMBS. Unit of measure %
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Full-mouth plaque score (FMPS)
Changes in FMPS. Unit of measure %
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Pocket probing depth (PPD)
Changes in PPD. Unit of measure: mm
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Clinical attachment level (CAL)
Changes in CAL. Unit of measure: mm
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Recession of the gingival margin (REC)
Changes in REC. Unit of measure: mm
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Triglycerides
Changes in triglycerides. Unit of measure: mmol/L
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Changes in LDL. Unit of measure: mmol/L
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Changes in HDL. Unit of measure: mmol/L
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Cholesterol
Changes in total cholesterol, Unit of measure: mmol/L
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Glycated Haemoglobin
Changes in Glycated haemoglobin. Unit of measure: mmol/mol
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Vitamin C
Changes in Vitamin C. Unit of measure: µg/L
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Systemic inflammation
Changes in C reactive protein (CRP). Unit of measure: mg/L
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
Changes in SBP Unit of measure: mmHg
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
Changes in DBP. Unit of measure: mmHg
Time frame: Baseline, 2 months and 3 months after periodontal treatment
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