A Study of Ruxolitinib vs Best Available Therapy (BAT) in Patients With Steroid-refractory Chronic Graft vs. Host Disease (GvHD) After Bone Marrow Transplantation (REACH3)

Incyte Corporation330 enrolled

Overview

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of ruxolitinib against best available therapy in participants with steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (SR cGvHD).

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

330

Conditions

Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Interventions

RuxolitinibDRUG

Ruxolitinib twice daily at the protocol-defined starting dose.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP)DRUG

Best available therapy (BAT) will be selected by the investigator for each participant. BAT may not include experimental agents (ie, those not approved for the treatment of any indication) as well as a limited number of other selected drugs in accordance with the protocol-defined requirements. The BAT in this study will be among the following treatments currently used in this setting (no other types or combinations of BATs are permitted in this study).

Low-dose methotrexate (MTX)DRUG

Patients will receive BAT based on the Investigator's opinion, taking into account the manufacturer's instructions, labeling, subject's medical condition, and institutional guidelines for any dose adjustment.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 12 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Have undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) from any donor source (matched unrelated donor, sibling, haplo-identical) using bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells, or cord blood. Recipients of non-myeloablative, myeloablative, and reduced intensity conditioning are eligible * Evident myeloid and platelet engraftment: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/mm\^3 and platelet count \> 25,000/ mm\^3 * Participants with clinically diagnosed moderate to severe cGvHD according to NIH Consensus Criteria prior to randomization: * Moderate cGvHD: At least one organ (not lung) with a score of 2, 3 or more organs involved with a score of 1 in each organ, or lung score of 1 * Severe cGvHD: at least 1 organ with a score of 3, or lung score of 2 or 3 * Participants currently receiving systemic or topical corticosteroids for the treatment of cGvHD for a duration of \< 12 months prior to Cycle 1 Day 1 (if applicable), and have a confirmed diagnosis of steroid-refractory cGvHD defined per 2014 NIH consensus criteria irrespective of the concomitant use of a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), as follows: * A lack of response or disease progression after administration of minimum prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for at least 1 week, OR * Disease persistence without improvement despite continued treatment with prednisone at \> 0.5 mg/kg/day or 1 mg/kg/every other day for at least 4 weeks, OR * Increase to prednisolone dose to \> 0.25 mg/kg/day after 2 unsuccessful attempts to taper the dose * Participant must accept to be treated with only one of the following BAT options on Cycle 1 Day 1 (additions and changes are allowed during the course of the study, but only with BAT from the following BAT options): extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), low-dose methotrexate (MTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), mTOR inhibitors (everolimus or sirolimus), infliximab, rituximab, pentostatin, imatinib, ibrutinib Exclusion Criteria: * Participants who have received 2 or more systemic treatment for cGvHD in addition to corticosteroids ± CNI for cGvHD * Patients that transition from active aGvHD to cGvHD without tapering off corticosteroids ± CNI and any systemic treatment \* Patients receiving up to 30 mg by mouth once a day of hydrocortisone (i.e., physiologic replacement dose) of corticosteroids are allowed. * Participants who were treated with prior JAK inhibitors for aGvHD; except when the participant achieved complete or partial response and has been off JAK inhibitor treatment for at least 8 weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day 1 * Failed prior alloSCT within the past 6 months from Cycle 1 Day 1 * Participants with relapsed primary malignancy, or who have been treated for relapse after the alloSCT was performed * Steroid refractory cGvHD occurring after a non-scheduled donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) administered for preemptive treatment of malignancy recurrence. Participants who have received a scheduled DLI as part of their transplant procedure and not for management of malignancy relapse are eligible * Any corticosteroid therapy for indications other than cGvHD at doses \> 1 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone or equivalent within 7 days of Cycle 1 Day 1

Locations (191)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Efficacy of Ruxolitinib Versus Investigator's Choice Best Available Therapy (BAT) in Participants With Moderate or Severe Steroid Refractory Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (SR-cGvHD) Assessed by Overall Response Rate (ORR) at the Cycle 7 Day 1 Visit

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants in each arm demonstrating a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) based on chronic GvHD (cGvHD) disease assessments (National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria) without the requirement of additional systemic therapies for an earlier progression, mixed response, or non-response. Scoring of response was relative to the organ score at the time of randomization. CR: complete resolution of all signs and symptoms of cGVHD in all evaluable organs without the initiation or addition of new systemic therapy. PR: improvement in at least one organ (e.g., improvement of 1 or more points on a 4- to 7-point scale, or an improvement of 2 or more points on a 10- to 12-point scale) without progression in other organs or sites, initiation, or addition of new systemic therapies.

Time frame: Cycle 7 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

Secondary Outcomes

Rate of Participants With Clinically Relevant Improvement of the Modified Lee cGvHD Symptom Scale Score

To assess improvement of symptoms based on the total symptom score (TSS); a responder was defined as having achieved a clinically relevant reduction from Baseline of the TSS. The scale consists of 30 items in 7 subscales (skin, eye, mouth, lung, nutrition, energy, and psychological). Participants reported their level of symptom "bother" over the previous month on a 5-point likert scale: not at all, slightly, moderately, quite a bit, or extremely. Subscale scores and the summary score range from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating worse symptoms.

Time frame: Baseline; Cycle 7 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

Rate of Failure-free Survival (FFS)

Composite time to event endpoint incorporating the following FFS events: (i) relapse or recurrence of underlying disease or death due to underlying disease, (ii) nonrelapse mortality, or (iii) addition or initiation of another systemic therapy for cGvHD.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)DRUG

mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (everolimus or sirolimus)DRUG

InfliximabDRUG

RituximabDRUG

PentostatinDRUG

ImatinibDRUG

IbrutinibDRUG

Incyte Investigative Site

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Duarte, California, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

La Jolla, California, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Los Angeles, California, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Gainesville, Florida, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Tampa, Florida, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Incyte Investigative Site

Chicago, Illinois, United States

...and 181 more locations

Time frame: Baseline to when the last participant reached Cycle 7 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

Rate of FFS at Study Completion

Time frame: From Baseline to Last Participant Last Visit (LPLV) (approximately 5 years)

Best Overall Response (BOR) at Cycle 7 Day 1

BOR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved an overall response (CR+PR) based on cGvHD disease assessments (National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria) without the requirement of additional systemic therapies for an earlier progression, mixed response, or non-response at any time point (up to Cycle 7 Day 1 or the start of additional systemic therapy for cGvHD). Scoring of response was relative to the organ score at the time of randomization. CR: complete resolution of all signs and symptoms of cGVHD in all evaluable organs without the initiation or addition of new systemic therapy. PR: improvement in at least one organ (e.g., improvement of 1 or more points on a 4- to 7-point scale, or an improvement of 2 or more points on a 10- to 12-point scale) without progression in other organs or sites, initiation, or addition of new systemic therapies. This analysis was based on the primary cutoff date (May 2020).

Time frame: up to Cycle 7 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

BOR During Cross-over Treatment With Ruxolitinib

Time frame: from Crossover Cycle 1 Day 1 to any time point up to and including Crossover Cycle 7 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

ORR at the End of Cycle 3

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants in each arm demonstrating a CR or PR based on cGvHD disease assessments (National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria) without the requirement of additional systemic therapies for an earlier progression, mixed response, or non-response. Scoring of response was relative to the organ score at the time of randomization. CR: complete resolution of all signs and symptoms of cGVHD in all evaluable organs without the initiation or addition of new systemic therapy. PR: improvement in at least one organ (e.g., improvement of 1 or more points on a 4- to 7-point scale, or an improvement of 2 or more points on a 10- to 12-point scale) without progression in other organs or sites, initiation, or addition of new systemic therapies.

Time frame: Cycle 4 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

Duration of Response Through Study Completion

DOR was defined as the time from first response until cGvHD progression, death, or the date of change/addition of systemic therapies for cGvHD and as assessed for responders only. Response was based on cGvHD disease assessments (National Institutes of Health consensus criteria). Duration of response was evaluated in participants who achieved a CR or PR at or before Cycle 7 Day 1. The analysis included a larger number of participants than the number of participants who achieved CR or PR at Cycle 7 Day 1 (82 ruxolitinib and 42 BAT) because the analysis took into account not only those participants who achieved CR or PR at Cycle 7 Day 1, but also participants who achieved CR or PR before Cycle 7 Day 1 but who may have lost their response at Cycle 7 Day 1. For this reason, the number of participants in this analysis does not align with the best overall response (BOR) at Cycle 7 Day 1. This analysis was based on the cutoff date upon study completion (December 2022).

Time frame: from first response to LPLV (approximately 5 years)

Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause.

Time frame: from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause up to LPLV (approximately 5 years)

Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality (NRM)

Defined as the cumulative incidence rate from competing risk analysis for NRM from the date of randomization to the date of death not preceded by underlying disease relapse/recurrence.

Time frame: Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36

Percentage of Participants With a ≥ 50% Reduction in Daily Corticosteroid Dose

All corticosteroid dosages prescribed to the participant and all dose changes during the study were to be recorded for assessment of participants with a ≥ 50% reduction in daily corticosteroid dose.

Time frame: from Day 15 up to Day 182

Percentage of Participants Successfully Tapered Off of All Corticosteroids

All corticosteroid dosages prescribed to the participant and all dose changes during the study were to be recorded for assessment of participants who successfully tapered off of all corticosteroids. Participants who completely tapered off corticosteroids refer to those who permanently discontinued steroids as per the dose administration panel and who did not restart steroids in the same interval. Participants who were tapered off and continued follow-up were also counted as being tapered off with 0 dose in subsequent intervals until they discontinued from the main treatment period or restarted steroid treatment.

Time frame: up to Day 179

Cumulative Incidence of Malignancy Relapse/Recurrence (MR)

Defined as the cumulative incidence rate from competing risk analysis of MR from the date of randomization to hematologic malignancy relapse/recurrence.

Time frame: Months 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36

Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplantation (FACT-BMT)

Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The FACT-BMT is a 50-item self-report questionnaire that measures the effect of a therapy on domains including physical, functional, social/family, and emotional well-being, together with additional concerns relevant for bone marrow transplantation participants. The questions were based on a 5-point Likert scale, where 0 corresponds to "not at all" and 4 corresponds to "very much." The higher the final score, the better the quality of life. The FACT-BMT total score ranges from 0 to 148.

Time frame: Baseline; up to Cycle 39 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-5L

The EQ-5D-5L is a descriptive classification consisting of five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, anxiety/depression, and pain/discomfort. The five-level version (no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and extreme problems) uses a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 being no problems and 5 being extreme problems.

Time frame: Baseline; up to Cycle 39 Day 1 (each cycle was comprised of 4 weeks)

Number of Participants With Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)

Adverse events were defined as the appearance of (or worsening of any pre-existing) undesirable signs, symptoms, or medical conditions that occurred after the participant's signed informed consent was obtained. Abnormal laboratory values or test results occurring after informed consent constituted adverse events only if they induced clinical signs or symptoms, were considered clinically significant, required therapy (e.g., hematologic abnormality that required transfusion or hematological stem cell support), or required changes in study medication(s). TEAEs were defined as those AEs that started or worsened during the on-treatment period (either randomized or cross-over period).

Time frame: from Baseline to LPLV (approximately 5 years)

Cmax of Ruxolitinib After Single (Cycle 1 Day 1) and Multiple (Cycle 1 Day 15) Doses

Cmax was defined as the maximum observed plasma concentration of ruxolitinib. Early enrolling participants (approximately the first 8 adult and first 4 adolescent participants) randomized to ruxolitinib arm followed an "extensive PK" sampling schedule. Subsequent participants randomized to ruxolitinib, any randomized participants receiving ruxolitinib after Cycle 6, and any randomized participants receiving BAT that cross over to ruxolitinib followed the "sparse PK" sampling schedule.