Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy vs Traditional Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Mechanical Headaches

Overview

In addition to manual therapy, mobilizations, manipulations, and exercise, the McKenzie method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) is currently being used to treat headaches. However, there is little supportive evidence about the efficacy of this type of treatment. The MDT method focuses on actively involving the patient in education and self-management of pain. The focus is to have the patient learn about his/her condition and how to manage the symptoms independently when possible. With regards to research that has been conducted on the use of MDT with headaches, one study compared mechanical traction, rhythmic impulse, and MDT exercises in relieving tension-type headaches (TTH). Mechanical cervical traction was found to be more effective at reducing headaches in both infrequent episodic and frequent episodic TTH. While MDT was used in this study, a general treatment was prescribed to each patient in that group without consideration to directional preference. This treatment had the patients perform the same exercises in the same progression, including four extension exercises, one flexion exercise, two lateral flexion exercise, and one rotation exercise. In addition, they performed the exercises for the same length of time for the same number of repetitions. The study was unclear about whether the exercises were administered by physical therapists or whether the practitioners were MDT credentialed. One case study described the treatment of a cervicogenic headache using the MDT retraction progression along with therapeutic exercises that included deep neck flexor and extensor strengthening and stretching of neck musculature as indicated . The patient reported that performing retractions at home provided him relief from his headaches for progressively longer periods of time as his treatment progressed. By the end of the treatment, the patient no longer experienced headaches. The results from this article support the proposition that headaches which present with mechanical origins can be successfully treated with the MDT approach.

Headaches affect an estimated 46% of adults worldwide, and the pain can have a detrimental effect on an individual's livelihood. In a two-week time period, 12.7% of the US workforce was unable to productively work due to pain, with headache pain as the most common complaint. For those with headache pain, this resulted in 3.5 +/- 0.1 hours of productivity lost in a week. Quality of life, financial situation, employment, and social involvement are negatively impacted by headache pain. Coworkers and family may have to handle work or personal responsibilities that those with headaches are unable to fulfill. In addition to manual therapy, mobilizations, manipulations, and exercise, the McKenzie method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) is currently being used to treat headaches. However, there is little supportive evidence about the efficacy of this type of treatment. The MDT method focuses on actively involving the patient in education and self-management of pain. The focus is to have the patient learn about his/her condition and how to manage the symptoms independently when possible. A study in Poland compared MDT interventions to a control group that received therapeutic exercise, massage, and ultra-red radiation for patients with cervical derangement. Although not targeted at patients with a primary complaint of headache, the percentage of patients in the MDT group experiencing headache decreased from 80% to 3.33% whereas the percentage of patients in the control group experiencing headaches decreased from 83.87% to 51.61%. This indicates that MDT may be an effective treatment for headaches with a mechanical component. With regards to research that has been conducted on the use of MDT with headaches, one study compared mechanical traction, rhythmic impulse, and MDT exercises in relieving TTH. Mechanical cervical traction was found to be more effective at reducing headaches in both infrequent episodic and frequent episodic TTH. While MDT was used in this study, a general treatment was prescribed to each patient in that group without consideration to directional preference. This treatment had the patients perform the same exercises in the same progression, including four extension exercises, one flexion exercise, two lateral flexion exercise, and one rotation exercise. In addition, they performed the exercises for the same length of time for the same number of repetitions. The study was unclear about whether the exercises were administered by physical therapists or whether the practitioners were MDT credentialed. One case study described the treatment of a cervicogenic headache using the MDT retraction progression along with therapeutic exercises that included deep neck flexor and extensor strengthening and stretching of neck musculature as indicated . The patient reported that performing retractions at home provided him relief from his headaches for progressively longer periods of time as his treatment progressed. By the end of the treatment, the patient no longer experienced headaches. The results from this article support the proposition that headaches which present with mechanical origins can be successfully treated with the MDT approach.