The purpose of the study is to evaluate patient-specific surgical simulation by permitting pre-operative rehearsals, in the form of the surgeon completing a dry run of the procedure on a model constructed from the patient's radiological studies that replicates every aspect of their organs. The investigators' aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of this form of practice in optimizing intraoperative and postoperative outcomes . The investigators hope eventually to use these rehearsals as a standard study tool for surgical training.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
70
Using 3-D printing and polymer technology, the investigators will construct patient specific simulated hydrogel models designed from patients' imaging, incorporating the necessary anatomy, physiology and pathology specific to each patient. These models are constructed at the Laboratory for Simulation-based Translational Research at the Department of Urology. Group 1 urologists will rehearse the minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) surgery using these patient-specific models.
The DaVinci surgical skills simulator system uses a virtual reality surgical simulation platform that encompasses a variety of basic exercises specifically designed to give users the opportunity to improve their proficiency with the da Vinci surgeon console controls and basic robotic surgical skills. All urologists have already completed a basic robotic skills curriculum. Group 2 urologists will complete a refresher module on the virtual reality simulator.
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York, United States
Warm ischemia time measured during minimal invasive partial nephrectomy surgery
Warm ischemia time is reported on completion of minimal invasive partial nephrectomy surgery, the metric will be measured in minutes as a continuous variable.
Time frame: At the end of each surgical procedure, approximately 24 hours after surgery
Estimated blood loss measured during minimal invasive partial nephrectomy surgery
Estimated blood loss is reported on completion of minimal invasive partial nephrectomy surgery, it is estimated by the volume of fluid in the suction irrigation at the end of surgery and measured in ml as a continuous variable.
Time frame: At the end of each surgical procedure, approximately 24 hours after surgery
Change in postoperative renal functions
The difference between preoperative (within a week prior to surgery) and postoperative (12 hours , 1 day and 30 days after surgery) using estimated GFR measured through serum creatinine blood test.
Time frame: Zero at date of randomization and serial measurements at 12 hours , 1 day and 30 days after surgery
Surgical complications
Intraoperative and postoperative complications will be measured and reported using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications (Grade 1 to 5).
Time frame: From date of surgery up to 30 days postoperative, every complication encountered during that time will be recorded
Objective evaluation of surgical performance
All surgical cases will be recorded and reviewed by a third party online tool that specializes in evaluation of surgical performance using the GEARS (Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills) tool
Time frame: At the end of each surgical procedure, approximately 24 hours after surgery
Operative time measured during minimal invasive partial nephrectomy surgery
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Operative time is reported on completion of minimal invasive partial
Time frame: At the end of each surgical procedure, approximately 24 hours after surgery
Positive margins of the tumor specimen
On pathological examination the presence or absence (+/-) and length in millimeters (mm) will be measured
Time frame: From date of randomization up to 10 days after surgery
Change in the volume of ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume (HCT)
The difference between preoperative (within a week prior to surgery) and postoperative (12 and 24 hours after surgery) using the blood test HCT.
Time frame: Zero at date of randomization and serial measurements at 12 and 24 hours after surgery
Hospital stay
The length of hospital stay will be measured from time of admission to day of discharge and will be reported in days
Time frame: From date of admission up to 30 days after surgery
Hospital readmission
The readmission rates of patients enrolled in the study will be measured and reported in number of patients
Time frame: From date of surgery up to 30 days postoperative, every hospital readmission encountered during that time will be recorded