The primary aim of this study is to directly compare the two major types of anthocyanins found in the diet (cyanidin-type and delphinidin-type) on lipid status in adults.
Human intervention trials with anthocyanin-rich berry fruits/extracts such as whole strawberries, elderberry juice and whortleberry extracts, and purified anthocyanins from a mixture of blackcurrant and bilberry have been shown to beneficially alter biological markers for CVD risk, with beneficial effects on lipid profiles common across these studies. In a randomized 3 phase crossover study we aim to recruit 50 participants (men and women) aged 45 years or more with a higher than optimal blood cholesterol level to consume capsules containing (i) 320 mg anthocyanins derived from bilberry fruit (delphinidin type), (ii) 320 mg anthocyanins derived from black rice (cyanidin type) and (iii) a placebo control. Each treatment will be ingested for 28 days with a wash-out period of 4 weeks in-between. Blood samples will be collected at the start and end of each 28-day treatment period to assess lipid status. In a subset of participants we will also investigate the relationship between bilberry and black rice anthocyanin ingestion on RNA expression profiles that are known to be involved in atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and reverse cholesterol transport as well as faecal excretion of bile acids and lipids.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
55
Bilberry extract containing Delphinidin type anthocyanins
Black rice extract containing Cyanidin type anthocyanins
No anthocyanins
Quadram Institute Bioscience
Norwich, United Kingdom
LDL cholesterol
Serum lipid status
Time frame: 28 days
Total/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides
Serum lipid status and faecal excretion of lipids
Time frame: 28 days
Cholesterol efflux capacity
Cholesterol metabolism
Time frame: 28 days
PON-1 activity
Cholesterol metabolism
Time frame: 28 days
Bile acids and derivatives
Plasma bile acid status and faecal excretion of bile acids
Time frame: 28 days
Glucose, fructosamine and insulin
glycaemic control
Time frame: 28 days
MicroRNA expression
MicroRNA's implicated in atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and reverse cholesterol transport
Time frame: 28 days
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