An Intervention to Examine the Effect of Vitamin D on Urine Protein Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age greater than or equal to 18 years and less than 80 years 2. Diagnosis of T2DM requiring treatment with at least one oral hypoglycaemic medication or insulin 2.1. Subjects will be considered to have established T2DM if the diagnosis of diabetes has been made and the subjects were treated with insulin or an oral hypoglycaemic agent for at least 6 months after diagnosis 2.2. Subjects will be considered to have newly established T2DM if the diagnosis of diabetes was diagnosed with a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or haemoglobin A1c is \>6.5% in the past 6 months 3. Documented albuminuria defined as a presence of albuminuria on two occasions in the last six months: 3.1. Albumin ≥ 30 mg/24 hour in a 24 hour urine collection, or 3.2. Albumin ≥ 20 μg/min in a short-time urine collection, or 3.3. Albumin ≥ 30 mg/L in a spot urine sample, or 3.4. A spot-urine albumin-creatinine ration (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine (≥ 2.5 mg/mmol creatinine in men, ≥ 3.5 mg/mmol creatinine in women) 4. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation of ≥ 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 Exclusion Criteria: 1. If female, positive pregnancy test or planning pregnancy in the subsequent 12 months 2. Pregnant 3. Breastfeeding 4. Corrected serum calcium ≥ 2.62 mmol/L 5. Serum Potassium \> 5.2 mmol/L if not on ACEI or ARB; Serum Potassium \> 6.0 mmol/L if on ACEI or ARB 6. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH Vit D) \> 80 ng/mL 7. PTH \> 200 pg/mL 8. Poorly controlled hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mm Hg 9. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤ 110 mm Hg 10. History of kidney stones 11. History of severe chronic disease (e.g. chronic liver disease) 12. Active malignancy 13. Recent diagnosis of acute renal failure within 3 months of screening visit 14. Likelihood of renal replacement therapy within 1 year