Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern in the United States, particularly among people with liver cirrhosis. Out of every 100 patients with liver cancer, only 18 will survive 5 years or more. While locoregional therapies are utilized in an effort to combat this disease, the recurrence rate of HCC after these therapies are high. Statins are widely used drugs that lower cholesterol levels. Some studies have suggested that statins lower risk of HCC recurrence, but this possibility has not been studied thoroughly in a clinical trial. This study will examine the effects of pravastatin, a type of statin, on time to HCC recurrence in patients with early stage HCC. It is possible that pravastatin in combination with locoregional therapies may delay or protect against HCC recurrence.
To date, there has been a scarcity of clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of adjuvant therapies in patients with early stage HCC, although it is widely considered an area of highly unmet need. The objective of this randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase II trial is to examine the effects of pravastatin use versus placebo after 12 months of treatment on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) recurrence in 130 patients with liver cirrhosis, HCC meeting Milan Criteria or OPTN tumor downstaging criteria for tumor burden, and initial locoregional therapy (LRT) with adequate response.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
1
statin
placebo
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, United States
Time to Recurrence
Mean difference in time (in months) from baseline (study visit 1) to first hepatocellular cancer (HCC) recurrence or HCC death within 12 months following treatment initiation for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo. \- HCC recurrence will be confirmed by central expert independent radiographic review.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Recurrence Free Survival
Mean difference in time (in months) from baseline (study visit 1) to first occurrence of a documented hepatocellular cancer (HCC) recurrence within 12 months following treatment initiation for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo. \- HCC recurrence will be confirmed by central expert independent radiographic review.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Overall Survival
Mean difference in time (in months) from baseline (study visit 1) to death (for any reason) within 12 months following treatment initiation for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Waitlist Drop-off
Mean difference in time from baseline (study visit 1) to liver transplant waitlist drop-off within 12 months following treatment initiation for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Change in Liver Stiffness
Mean difference in mean change in liver stiffness (as measured by MRE or FibroScan) between baseline (study visit 1) and 12 months (study visit 6) for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Change in Liver Fat Fraction
Mean difference in within-person change in liver fat fraction (as measured by MRE) between baseline (study visit 1) and 12 months (study visit 6) for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Change in Serum Biomarkers of Monocyte/Macrophage and Stellate Cell Activation
Mean difference in serum biomarkers including cytokines, chemokines, soluble receptors, and proteins (eg. IL6, TNFα, sTNFRII, IL18BP, sCD163, IL10, IL17, IL-8, CCL17, TGFβ) from baseline (study visit 1) to 12 months (study visit 6) for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
Levels of Liver Tissue Markers Related to HCC
Mean difference in liver tissue markers related to HCC including those in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (eg. β-catenin, glutamine synthetase) from baseline (study visit 1) to 12 months (study visit 6) for subjects randomized to pravastatin versus subjects randomized to placebo.
Time frame: 12 months from baseline
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