Effects of Bilateral GPI DBS on Freezing of Gait in PD

Inclusion criteria: (1) idiopathic PD, according to the MDS Parkinson's Disease Society Diagnostic Criteria17; (2) bilateral GPi-DBS implant according to a careful consideration of patients' symptom profiles (e.g., existence and severity of dyskinesia, dystonia, axial symptoms, or cognitive and mood problems); (3) onset of PD at or before 70 years of age; and (4) disease duration of more than 3 years at the time of surgery. Patients were excluded if they had unstable vital signs or medical and psychiatric comorbidities at the time of the study.