The Effect of Percutaneous Kirschner Wire Technique in Management of CPT Under One Year Old

Refracture（Cortical discontinuity)

Refracture was defined as an obvious fracture（Cortical discontinuity) on a plain radiograph,following the union at the site of the tibia.

Time frame: 0.5 , 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 years after the fracture is healed

Residual Deformity-proximal tibia angulation(range,0°-90°)

measurement of the angulation of proximal tibia in anterior and posterior (AP )and lateral X ray.Proximal tibial valgus is created by the intersection of a line parallel to the proximal physis and another line along the axis of the proximal third of diaphysis in the tibia.

Time frame: pre-operation and 0.5 , 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 years post-operation ]

Residual Deformity-Limb length discrepancy

measurement of the length difference of both tibia in AP and lateral X ray.Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is used to measure the length of the tibia (The investigators measure the distance between the midpoint of the proximal tibial epiphyseal plate and the midpoint of distal tibia epiphyseal plate).

Time frame: pre-operation and 0.5 , 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 years post-operation

Residual Deformity-ankle valgus angulation(range,0°-90°)

measurement of the angulation between the distal tibia and ankle joint.Ankle valgus is assessed by the tibiotalar angle measured at the intersection of the mid-diaphyseal line of the tibia and a line drawn across the flat subchondral line of the talar dome.

Time frame: pre-operation and 0.5 , 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 years post-operation