RFR Change of Precise Segmental Versus Complete Renal Arterial Clamping During LPN for Clinical T1 RCC

Inclusion Criteria: * 1.Age ≥18 2.Estimated GFR \>30 mL/min/1.73m2 3.Anticipated intraoperative warm ischemic time ≤30 min 4.Subjects who signed informed consent forms Exclusion Criteria: 1. Allergy to iothalamate, shellfish or iodine 2. Use of metformin or amiodarone 3. intraoperative warm ischemic time \>30 min 4. Inability to maintain a stable regimen of medications which affect GFR for \> one week prior to participation (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers) 5. Use of medications which directly affect elimination of creatinine (e.g. cimetidine and trimethoprim) 6. Acute exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within 3 months requiring hospitalization or oral steroid therapy 7. Inadequate intravenous access 8. Severe anemia (Hct \<21%) 9. Acute kidney injury (rise in creatinine to ≥1.5 times the previous baseline or by ≥ 0.3 mg/dL on most recent labs prior to enrollment) 10. History of contrast-induced nephropathy 11. Hyperthyroidism 12. Pheochromocytoma 13. Sickle cell disease 14. Urinary retention or incontinence 15. Status post organ transplant 16. Pregnancy or active breast feeding 17. Cognitive impairment with inability to give consent 18. Institutionalized status