Real Time fMRI and Quitting Smoking

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Treatment-seeking smokers between the ages of 18 and 65, reporting consumption of at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least the past 6 months; 2. Planning to live in the area for at least the next month; 3. Capable of giving written informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the combined consent and HIPAA form; 4. Able to communicate fluently in English (speaking, writing, and reading). Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Behavior: 1. Use of chewing tobacco or snuff or cigars; 2. Current enrollment or plans to enroll in another smoking cessation program or research study in the next month; 3. Current or anticipated (within the next month) use of smoking cessation medications or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); 4. A baseline carbon monoxide (CO) reading less than 10ppm. Alcohol/Drugs: 1. Current alcohol consumption that exceeds 25 standard drinks/week; 2. Positive breath alcohol concentration test (BrAC greater than or equal to 0.01) at intake; a. Participants testing positive for breath alcohol with a reading equal to or greater than .08 (the legal driving limit) or who are visibly impaired will be instructed not to drive themselves home after the appointment. If a participant needs to use a phone to call for a safe ride home, an office telephone will be made available to the participant. Medication: Current use or recent discontinuation (within the past 30 days at the time of Intake) of: 1. Smoking cessation medication (e.g., Zyban, Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Chantix, NRT); 2. Anti-psychotic medications; 3. Any medication that could compromise participant safety as determined by the Principal Investigator and/or Study Physician; Daily use of: 4. Opiate-containing medications for chronic pain. Medical/Neuropsychiatric: 1. Women who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, and/or breast feeding. All female subjects of childbearing potential will undergo a urine pregnancy test at Intake and at each scan session. 2. History of epilepsy or a seizure disorder; 3. History of stroke; 4. Self-reported brain (or CNS) or spinal tumor; 5. Self-reported history of head trauma; 6. Self-reported history or current diagnosis of psychosis. fMRI-Related: 1. Self-reported use of pacemakers, certain metallic implants, or presence of metal in the eye as contraindicated for fMRI; 2. Self-reported history of claustrophobia; 3. Being left-handed; 4. Color blindness; 5. Weight greater than 250lbs at intake; 6. Self-reported history of gunshot wounds; 7. Any impairment preventing participants from using the response pad necessary for the computer tasks; 8. Circumstances or conditions that may interfere with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). General Exclusion: 1. Any medical condition, illness, disorder, or concomitant medication that could compromise participant safety or treatment, as determined by the Principal Investigator; 2. Enrollment or plans to enroll in another research study; 3. Inability to provide informed consent or complete any of the study tasks as determined by the Principal Investigator.