Gestational diabetes (GDM) is the most common hormonal complication during pregnancy. Its occurrence implies an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications and, therefore, its diagnosis and treatment are extremely important. Since the adoption of the new diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) in 2010, an increasing number of cases of mild hyperglycemia have demanded follow-up and treatment. The need and benefit of treatment in these cases of mild hyperglycemia has been discussed worldwide. Women who have been diagnosed with GDM are at increased risk for type 2 DM in the years following gestation. Other factors (such as lipid profile, obesity, adipokine dosage) may also be related to the repercussions of GDM on the maternal-fetal binomial, since gestations with satisfactory glycemic control can also present complications related to the disease and increased risk of type 2 DM in the long term. The present study aims to investigate factors associated with the need for insulin use, the occurrence of perinatal complications, nutritional status, physical activity and weight retention one year after delivery and the postpartum diagnosis of type 2 DM 10 years after delivery in women diagnosed with GDM according to the current criteria suggested by the IADPSG.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
1,400
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
São Paulo, Brazil
Occurrence of type 2 DM after GDM
To evaluate clinical, nutritional and laboratory factors as tools to predict the diagnosis of type 2 DM, carbohydrate intolerance or postpartum metabolic syndrome in women who had GDM
Time frame: 10 years
Need of insulin
To evaluate clinical and laboratory factors as tools to predict the need of insulin during pregnancy
Time frame: during pregnancy
Weight at birth
To evaluate clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory factors as tools to predict weight at birth (grams)
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
Route of delivery
To evaluate clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory factors as tools to predict the route of delivery
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
To evaluate clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory factors as tools to predict neonatal hypoglycemia
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
Obesity in the offspring
To evaluate clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory factors as tools to predict obesity in the offspring of women with GDM
Time frame: 10 years
Hypertension in the offspring
To evaluate clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory factors as tools to predict hypertension in the offspring of women with GDM
Time frame: 10 years
Body composition
To assess the body composition of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and one year postpartum
Time frame: during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and one year after delivery
Physical activity
identify the level of daily physical activity of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and one year postpartum
Time frame: during pregnancy , 6 months postpartum and 1 year after delivery
Eating habits
to verify the eating habits of women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and one year postpartum
Time frame: during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and 1 year after delivery
Weight retention
To study association between levels of physical activity and dietary intake and the weight retention in women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and one year postpartum
Time frame: during pregnancy, 6 months postpartum and 1 year after delivery
Route of delivery vs physical activity
to study association between the level of physical activity in women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the route of delivery (cesarian or vaginal birth)
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
Route of delivery vs eating habits
to study association between the eating habits in women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the route of delivery (cesarian or vaginal birth)
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
Fetal weight at birth vs physical activity
to study association between physical activity in women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the fetal weight at delivery (grams)
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
Fetal weight at birth vs eating habits
to study association between eating habits in women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy and the fetal weight at delivery (grams)
Time frame: during pregnancy and delivery
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