This study aimed to compare the effects between sunlight exposure and oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and metabolic markers in Korean young adults.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
150
* Everyday sunlight exposure around noon for 20-30 minutes for 8 weeks * Completing a Sun Diary after sunlight exposure
\- Supplementation of vitamin D3 500 IU/day for 8 weeks
\- Intake of placebo for 8 weeks
Serum 25(OH)D
Changes in serum 25(OH)D levels in ng/mL
Time frame: Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week
BMI
Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2
Time frame: Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week
Systolic blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure changes in mmHg
Time frame: Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week
Diastolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure changes in mmHg
Time frame: Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week
Lipid panel
Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
Fasting glucose
Serum fasting glucose in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
AST
Serum AST levels in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
ALT
Serum ALT levels in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
GGT
Serum AST, ALT, and GGT levels in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
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Intact PTH
Serum intact PTH levels in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
Whole body BMD and BMC
Whole body BMD (g/cm\^2) and BMC (kg) measured by DEXA
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
Lean body mass, fat mass, and percent fat
Lean body mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by DEXA
Time frame: Baseline and 8 week
Lean body mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and percent fat
Lean body mass (kg), muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by body impedance analysis
Time frame: Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week
EQ-5D-5L
Quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L scale. The EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health status. In description part, health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The respondents self-rate their level of severity for each dimension using three-level (EQ-5D-3L) or five-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. The 5-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) was developed to improve such constraints of the three-level scale. EQ-5D-5L scale can define 3,125 (=5\^5) different health states, and the 5-digit number can be converted into a preference weight which is also referred to as a single weighted index score. The index score of a value set derived from the general population sample can be regarded as a "societal valuation of the respondent's health state" in that country.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week