This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study will involve 600 healthy (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase \[G6PD\] normal) volunteers. Participants who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomized (ratio 1:1) to receive a loading dose of either tafenoquine 200 mg (2 x 100 mg tablets) or placebo daily for three consecutive days, followed by study treatment (tafenoquine 200 mg or placebo) once per week for 51 weeks, with safety follow-up visits at Weeks 4, 12, 24, and 52. All participants will return to the clinic at Week 64 for an end of study visit. If the participant has an ongoing AE at the Week 64 visit will continue to be assessed for up to 3 more times at approximately 12-week intervals or until resolution or stabilization of the AE whichever is earlier.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
600
Tafenoquine 200mg
Placebo
Retina Consultants of Southern Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
Valley Retina Institute
McAllen, Texas, United States
Linear Clinical Research
Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Serious Ophthalmic Safety Event
Number of Participants with One or More protocol-defined serious ophthalmic safety event (SOSE) assessed by retinal changes from baseline using SD-OCT and qFAF. SOSE is assessed by significant retinal changes from baseline using SD-OCT and qFAF.
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With Mean Change From Baseline in Key SD OCT Parameters
Mean change from baseline in key SD OCT parameters including central subfield thickness, total macular volume, and parafoveal (inner ring of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, and retinal thickness. Clinically significant change from baseline for central subfield thickness \[change from baseline of at least 40 µm (15% change)\]. Clinically significant change from baseline for total macular volume \[change of \> 10% (0.86 mm3) from baseline\]. Clinically significant change from baseline for parafoveal (inner ring) retinal thickness \[change from baseline of at least 10 µm\]. Clinically significant change from baseline for qFAF (change in mid-ring qFAF unit from baseline of at least 12% in both eyes at the same visit).
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With Ellipsoid or Interdigitating Zone Disruption
Any ellipsoid or interdigitating zone disruption within the ETDRS grid
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With Mean Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity
Mean change from baseline in BCVA score, the number of participants that have any clinically significant change in ETDRS BCVA (defined as ≥15 letter change \[≥ 3 lines\] of change in ETDRS BCVA at 4 meters).
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With Corneal Deposits From Slit Lamp Examination of the Corneal Epithelium
Slit lamp examination was use to detect and grade corneal deposits (also known as vortex keratopathy or cornea verticillata) and retinal abnormalities arising from drug-induced phospholipidosis.
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With New Abnormalities Compared With Baseline Observed With Color Retinal Digital Photography
Corneal deposits as determined by digital corneal photographs that are indicative of cornea verticillata also known as vortex keratopathy
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With New Abnormalities Compared With Baseline Observed With Microperimetry
Microperimetry can be a useful tool for objective evaluation of macular function and progression of disease. Macular disease causes impairment of central vision, metamorphopsia, macropsia, micropsia and color vision defect. Microperimetry measures fixation stability which is associated with visual acuity.
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With Any Clinically Significant Change in ETDRS BCVA (Defined as >15 Letter Change [≥ 3 Lines] of Change in ETDRS BCVA at 4 Meters)
Visual acuity was measured in a consistent way in order to detect any changes in vision as described in the Ophthalmic Reference Manual using a set of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts and a retro-illuminated box providing standardized illumination. Subjects are seated 4 meters from the letter chart and asked to read the letters. Letters read correctly count towards the total score. In addition, there are 5 letters in each of the 14 lines. The lines are of equal difficulty and follow a logarithmic progression of diminishing letter size related to the minimum angle of resolution. The endpoints include mean change from baseline in BCVA score, the proportion of participants that have any clinically significant change in ETDRS BCVA (defined as ≥15 letter change \[≥ 3 lines\] of change in ETDRS BCVA at 4 meters).
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Proportion of Participants Who Develop a Color Deficiency Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM-100) Hue Test
Color deficiency was assessed using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM-100) hue test
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants Who Develop a Loss of 0.12 or Greater Logarithm of Contrast Sensitivity (logCS) on the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test
The Mars letter contrast sensitivity test is a set of charts for testing peak visual contrast sensitivity. Subjects are asked to read to letters from left to right across the chart. The logarithm of contrast sensitivity (logCS) score is given by the log contrast sensitivity value at the lowest contrast letter just prior to two incorrectly identified letters, minus a scoring correction.
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants Who Develop a Psychiatric Disorder in Accordance With DSM-5 as Assessed With the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) 7.0.2 Assessment Questionnaire
Psychiatric disorders were reported as adverse events
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
Number of Participants With an AE of Dizziness or Vertigo and Severity as Assessed by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory
The period of observation for collection of AEs extended from the time of dosing (Day 1, Week 1 \[Visit 2\]) through the Week 64 follow-up visit. Proportion of participants with an AE of dizziness or vertigo are reported here.
Time frame: After 12 months of exposure to study drug
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