Paternally Inherited Phenotypes in Cholestasis

Sperm Epigenome Arm: Cholestatic men Inclusion Criteria: * Men who have a diagnosis of a cholestatic liver condition including but not restricted to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. * Me who are able and willing to give informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Men who have a history of diabetes or obesity. * Men who have gallstones, cancer or other acute cholestatic pathology. * Men who have a history of alcohol excess or drug abuse. * Men who smoke. * Men who have blood-borne viruses e.g. HIV or hepatitis. * Men unable or unwilling to give informed consent Healthy men Inclusion Criteria: * Men who have no history of cholestasis, liver disease, diabetes or obesity. * Me who are able and willing to give informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Men who have a history of cholestasis or liver disease. * Men who have a history of diabetes or obesity. * Men who have a history of alcohol excess or drug abuse. * Men who smoke. * Men who have blood-borne viruses e.g. HIV or hepatitis. * Men undergoing fertility treatment due to male factor. * Men unable or unwilling to give informed consent Outcomes Arm: Fathers Inclusion Criteria: * Fathers with a cholestatic liver condition including but not restricted to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. * Fathers with cholestatic liver condition whose children are between 16 years - 25 years of age. * Fathers with cholestatic liver condition who are able and willing to give informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Fathers with a history of diabetes or obesity at the time of conception of their child. * Fathers with a history of alcohol excess or drug-abuse at the time of conception of their child. * Fathers who smoked at the time of conception of their child. * Fathers with blood-borne viruses e.g. HIV and hepatitis at the time of conception of their child. * Fathers unable or unwilling to give informed consent. Children of cholestatic fathers Inclusion Criteria: * Adolescents / young adults (between 16 - 25 years of age) whose fathers have a cholestatic liver condition including but not restricted to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis or Primary Biliary Cholangitis. * Adolescents /young adults born from an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. * Adolescents /young adults who are able and willing to give informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Adolescents / young adults who were born as a result of multi-fetal pregnancy. * Adolescents / young adults with a history of alcohol excess or drug-abuse. * Adolescents / young adults who are under 16 years of age, or over 25 years of age. * Adolescents / young adults with blood-borne viruses e.g. HIV and hepatitis. * Adolescents / young adults who are unable or unwilling to give informed consent.