The primary objective of the study is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of blinatumomab in combination with pembrolizumab in adults with relapsed or refractory (r/r) DLBCL.
The study was planned as 2 parts: * Part 1 will test the safety of up to 3 different blinatumomab target dose levels in combination with pembrolizumab in a rolling 6 design. A Dose Level Review Team (DLRT) will review the safety data to evaluate possible drug effects and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). * Part 2 will consist of an expansion cohort to assess pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and preliminary efficacy data at the chosen target dose. The part 2 dose will be determined by the totality of the clinical data from part 1 as determined by the DLRT. Based on the results from Part 1, a decision was made not to proceed with Part 2 of this study. Secondary objectives of the study are to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of blinatumomab in combination with pembrolizumab. Tumor response will be evaluated according to the Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma (Cheson et al, 2007). With implementation of Protocol Amendment 5, response will also be assessed according to the Lugano Classification (Cheson et al, 2014). Only participants enrolled after implementation of Protocol Amendment 5 (03 December 2019) will have tumor assessments using the Lugano criteria.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
31
Up to 2 cycles of blinatumomab may be given, where cycle 1 lasts 8 weeks, and cycle 2 lasts 28 days. The treatment is given as a continuous intravenous infusion.
One cycle of pembrolizumab is a 200 mg IV injection lasting 30 minutes. One cycle will be given every 3 weeks until disease progression, or for a maximum of 35 cycles.
Research Site
La Jolla, California, United States
Research Site
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
Dose-limiting toxicities were grade 3-5 adverse events that occurred during the DLT-evaluation period that were judged by the Investigator to be possibly, probably or definitely related to study drug administration. All toxicities were graded using National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0: * Grade 3: Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening. * Grade 4: Life-threatening. * Grade 5: Death.
Time frame: The DLT evaluation period was 42 days from initiation of pembrolizumab treatment (Day 15 for Cohort Ia and Day 19 for Cohorts IIa and IIIa)
Objective Response Rate During the First 12 Weeks Using Revised Response Cheson Criteria
Objective response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with either a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR): * CR: Disappearance of all detectable clinical evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms if present before therapy: If fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid or positron emission tomography (PET) positive before therapy, a residual mass of any size is permitted if it is PET negative; For variably FDG-avid or if a pretreatment PET scan was negative, all lymph nodes and nodal masses must have regressed on computed tomography (CT) to normal size. Spleen or liver should not be palpable and normal size. Bone marrow infiltrate must have cleared or be negative by immunohistochemistry. * PR: Regression of measurable disease and no new sites (≥ 50% decrease in size of up to six of the largest dominant nodes or nodal masses and splenic and hepatic nodules). Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: First 12 weeks of blinatumomab treatment
Cohort IIIa Only: Objective Response Rate During the First 12 Weeks Using the Lugano Classification
Objective response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with either a complete metabolic response (CMR) or a partial metabolic response (PMR): * CMR: For PET-CT-based response, score of 1-3 on the Deauville five-point scale (5PS) for lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites, no evidence of FDG-avid disease in marrow. For CT-based response, target nodes/masses regress to 1.5 cm in longest transverse diameter, no extralymphatic sites of disease, normal bone marrow morphology * PMR: For PET-CT-based response, score of 4 or 5 on 5PS with reduced uptake compared to baseline for lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites, residual uptake reduced compared to baseline in the bone marrow. For CT-based response, ≥ 50% decrease in sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters of up to 6 target measurable nodes and extranodal sites, spleen must have regressed by \> 50% in length beyond normal. Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
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Research Site
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Research Site
Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
Research Site
St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
Research Site
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Research Site
East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Research Site
Geelong, Victoria, Australia
Research Site
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Research Site
Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
...and 12 more locations
Time frame: First 12 weeks of blinatumomab treatment
Objective Response Rate During the Treatment Period Using Revised Response Cheson Criteria
Objective response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with either a CR or a PR according to the Revised Response Criteria (2007): * CR: Disappearance of all detectable clinical evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms if present before therapy: If FDG-avid or PET positive before therapy, a residual mass of any size is permitted if it is PET negative; For variably FDG-avid or if a pretreatment PET scan was negative, all lymph nodes and nodal masses must have regressed on CT to normal size. Spleen or liver should not be palpable and normal size. Bone marrow infiltrate must have cleared or be negative by immunohistochemistry. * PR: Regression of measurable disease and no new sites (≥ 50% decrease in size of up to six of the largest dominant nodes or nodal masses and splenic and hepatic nodules). Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: From Day 1 to 30 days after last dose of either blinatumomab or pembrolizumab administration; the overall median duration of treatment was 87 days.
Cohort IIIa Only: Objective Response Rate During the Treatment Period Using the Lugano Classification
Objective response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with either a CMR or a CMR. * CMR: For PET-CT-based response, score of 1-3 on the Deauville 5PS for lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites, no evidence of FDG-avid disease in marrow. For CT-based response, target nodes/masses regress to 1.5 cm in longest transverse diameter, no extralymphatic sites of disease, normal bone marrow morphology * PMR: For PET-CT-based response, score of 4 or 5 on 5PS with reduced uptake compared to baseline for lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites, residual uptake reduced compared to baseline in the bone marrow. For CT-based response, ≥ 50% decrease in sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters of up to 6 target measurable nodes and extranodal sites, spleen must have regressed by \> 50% in length beyond normal. Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: From study Day 1 to 30 days after last dose of either blinatumomab or pembrolizumab administration; the overall median duration of treatment was 87 days.
Complete Response Rate During the First 12 Weeks Using the Revised Response Cheson Criteria
Complete response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a CR according to the Revised Response Criteria (2007): \- CR: Disappearance of all detectable clinical evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms if present before therapy: If FDG-avid or PET positive before therapy, a residual mass of any size is permitted if it is PET negative; For variably FDG-avid or if a pretreatment PET scan was negative, all lymph nodes and nodal masses must have regressed on CT to normal size. Spleen or liver should not be palpable and normal size. Bone marrow infiltrate must have cleared or be negative by immunohistochemistry. Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: First 12 weeks of blinatumomab treatment
Cohort IIIa Only: Complete Response Rate During the First 12 Weeks Using the Lugano Classification
Complete response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a CMR according to the Lugano classification (2014): CMR: For PET-CT-based response, score of 1-3 on the Deauville 5PS for lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites, no evidence of FDG-avid disease in marrow. For CT-based response, target nodes/masses regress to 1.5 cm in longest transverse diameter, no extralymphatic sites of disease, normal bone marrow morphology. Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: First 12 weeks of blinatumomab treatment
Complete Response Rate During the Treatment Period Using the Revised Response Cheson Criteria
Complete response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a complete response according to the Revised Response Criteria (2007): \- CR: Disappearance of all detectable clinical evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms if present before therapy: If FDG-avid or PET positive before therapy, a residual mass of any size is permitted if it is PET negative; For variably FDG-avid or if a pretreatment PET scan was negative, all lymph nodes and nodal masses must have regressed on CT to normal size. Spleen or liver should not be palpable and normal size. Bone marrow infiltrate must have cleared or be negative by immunohistochemistry. Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: From Day 1 to 30 days after last dose of either blinatumomab or pembrolizumab administration; the overall median duration of treatment was 87 days.
Cohort IIIa Only: Complete Response Rate During the Treatment Period Using the Lugano Classification
Complete response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a CMR according to the Lugano classification (2014): \- CMR: For PET-CT-based response, score of 1-3 on the Deauville 5PS for lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites, no evidence of FDG-avid disease in marrow. For CT-based response, target nodes/masses regress to 1.5 cm in longest transverse diameter, no extralymphatic sites of disease, normal bone marrow morphology. Participants with no post-baseline response assessments were considered non-responders.
Time frame: From Day 1 to 30 days after last dose of either blinatumomab or pembrolizumab administration; the overall median duration of treatment was 87 days.
Progression Free Survival by the Revised Response Cheson Criteria
Progression-free survival was calculated as the time from the date of the first dose of blinatumomab until the date of diagnosis of progression of lymphoma using the Cheson revised response criteria (2007), or date of death, whichever was earliest. Participants who were alive and did not have progression were censored at the last radiological non-missing evaluable tumor assessment date. Progressive disease per the revised response criteria is any new lesion or increase of 50% or greater in size of nodal masses or lesions or new or recurrent nodal involvement.
Time frame: From first dose of blinatumomab up to the end of study. Median (min, max) time on study was 188.0 days (19.0, 1512.0).
Cohort IIIa Only: Progression Free Survival Using the Lugano Classification
Progression-free survival was calculated as the time from the date of the first dose of blinatumomab until the date of diagnosis of progression of lymphoma using the Lugano 2014 classification, or date of death, whichever was earliest. For diagnosis of progression of lymphoma, the progression of radiographic assessment of PET-CT using the Lugano Classification was used. Participants who were alive and did not have progression were censored at the last radiological non-missing evaluable tumor assessment date. Progressive disease per the Lugano criteria is a score of 4 or 5 on the 5PS with an increase in intensity of uptake from baseline and/or new FDG-avid foci consistent with lymphoma.
Time frame: From first dose of blinatumomab up to the end of study. Median (min, max) time on study was 188.0 days (19.0, 1512.0).
Overall Survival
Overall survival was calculated as the time from the date of first dose of blinatumomab until death due to any cause. Participants who were alive at the analysis date were censored at the date last known to be alive.
Time frame: From first dose of blinatumomab up to the end of study. Median (min, max) time on study was 188.0 days (19.0, 1512.0).
Duration of Response for Participants Who Achieved CR/PR Using the Revised Response Cheson Criteria
Duration of response was calculated from the date a response of CR or PR was first achieved until the earliest date of a disease assessment indicating a disease progression or death, whichever occurred first. Participants who did not have a relapse event were censored on their last radiological non-missing evaluable tumor assessment date.
Time frame: From first dose of blinatumomab up to the end of study. Median (min, max) time on study was 188.0 days (19.0, 1512.0).
Cohort IIIa Only: Duration of Response for Participants Who Achieved CMR/PMR Using the Lugano Classification
The duration of response was calculated from the date a response of CMR or PMR was first achieved until the earliest date of a disease assessment indicating a disease progression using the Lugano classification or death, whichever occurred first. Participants who did not have a relapse event were censored on their last radiological non-missing evaluable tumor assessment date.
Time frame: From first dose of blinatumomab up to the end of study. Median (min, max) time on study was 188.0 days (19.0, 1512.0).
Blinatumomab Steady State Concentration (Css)
Serum blinatumomab concentrations were quantified using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for the assay is 50 pg/mL. The Css of serum blinatumomab was summarized as the average of the observed concentrations collected after 24 hours from the start of continuous IV infusion or start of the dose step. For calculation of Css at 9 µg/day and 28 µg/day dosing, participants in all cohorts were combined.
Time frame: Day 2 for 9 µg/day Css (all cohorts), days 10, 15, 22, 29, and 43 for 28 µg/day Css (Cohort Ia), day 10 for 28 µg/day Css (Cohorts IIa and IIIa), and days 19, 26, and 40 for 56 µg/day and 112 µg/day Css (Cohorts IIa and IIIa respectively).
Blinatumomab Clearance
Systemic clearance (CL) was calculated as CL=R0/Css,DN; where R0 is the infusion rate (μg/hr) and Css,DN is the dose normalized average Css.
Time frame: Day 2 for 9 µg/day Css (all cohorts), days 10, 15, 22, 29, and 43 for 28 µg/day Css (Cohort Ia), day 10 for 28 µg/day Css (Cohorts IIa and IIIa), and days 19, 26, and 40 for 56 µg/day and 112 µg/day Css (Cohorts IIa and IIIa respectively).
Pembrolizumab Peak Serum Concentration
Pembrolizumab serum concentrations were quantified using a validated electro-chemiluminescent-based immunoassay with a lower limit of quantification of 25 ng/mL. The pembrolizumab pharmacokinetic data from all cohorts were combined for analysis.
Time frame: Within approximately 30 minutes after the end of the infusion in cycle 1 (study day 15 for Cohort Ia, study day 19 for Cohorts IIa and IIIa) and cycle 8 (study day 162 for Cohort Ia and day 166 for Cohorts IIa and IIIa).
Pembrolizumab Minimum Serum Concentration
Pembrolizumab serum concentrations were quantified using a validated electrochemiluminescent-based immunoassay with a lower limit of quantification of 25 ng/mL. The pembrolizumab pharmacokinetic data from all cohorts were combined for analysis.
Time frame: Pre-dose on pembrolizumab cycles 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 (Study days 36, 78, 120, 162, and 246, respectively).
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
A TEAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial participant that started after the initiation of blinatumomab. All TEAEs were graded using NCI CTCAE Version 4.0: * Grade 2: Moderate * Grade 3: Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening.
Time frame: From first dose of blinatumomab to minimum of 30 days after last dose of blinatumomab or pembrolizumab (whichever was later) or end of study: median (min, max) duration was 22.7 (1.0, 85.8) days.